Analysis Summary of the movie 12 Angry Men using group dynamics Essay

Analysis Summary of the movie 12 Angry Men using group dynamics - Essay Example When the group of jurors first meet during the orientation phase, they are chatting, making jokes and talking about a random list of things such as their jobs and things they could be doing instead of being in a jury room. The orientation phase is characteristic of acquaintance, positive attitudes on similarities and clarity. At this stage, the group is only creating opinions, nothing intense. (Robbins, 1974, para 4). There is a general feeling for most of the jurors that this will be a quick case, nothing intense. However when the foreman of the jury; juror number one takes an initial vote the tone is set for a long drawn process and the development of the group dynamics. In the initial vote eleven jurors have already declared the defendant is guilty. Only Juror number eight votes â€Å"not guilty† on the grounds of reasonable doubt. It is never easy to be part of the minority because it goes against our natural desire to be accepted (Johnson, 2007, p. 153). Out of this minor ity, the true leader begins to emerge and group formation begins. Positioning of power becomes apparent as the jurors biases, backgrounds and personalities begin to unfold. The jury’s deliberation begins when the first vote is taken. Several jurors observe others voting and they raise their hands. It is only juror number eight who has the courage to stand alone and has strong convictions that the defendant is not guilty beyond reasonable doubt. Questions arise as they begin to examine the different parts of the testimony. These testimonies were not initially considered in the first vote. Normative influence by juror eight begins to revert from guilty to not guilty. Through the process, personalities unfold and the pressure of social influence is clear among the jurors. Team members have to create a new social identity and forfeit their own in order for a team to be built. (Levi, 2014, p.

The New World Essay Example for Free

The New World Essay The New World that Columbus discovered was populated with well over 10 million Indians, which populated North America from the North to present-day Mexico.   The amount of Indian tribes themselves were numerous, and it is still unknown exactly how many Indians and their various tribes populated the areas in which the Europeans arrived. Some groups of Native Americans were considered to be hunter-gatherers, while most were evidenced to practice aquaculture, and most often, agriculture.   However, most often, the Native Americans used a mix of hunting, gathering, and farming.    In addition, the Indian’s culture and the way they organize their lives was very different than that of the Europeans.   For example, almost all of the Indian tribes had some form of a chief.   Some even had states, impressive architecture, and extremely organized cities. As stated above, the most obvious way that the Native American communities were organized was by the crops that they produced.   Maize and squash were perhaps the easiest to grow.   They were also grown throughout America, not just in one small region.   Potatoes, cotton, and tobacco were also grown.   In the plains area, a large group of native peoples would hunt their primary source of food-buffalo. In addition to the Indians that Columbus encountered, the land was completely unspoiled.   The Indians only hunted and used from nature what they absolutely needed, unlike the Europeans.   The biggest difference between the Europeans and the Native Americans was that the Europeans simply used up the nature in whatever way they saw fit, while the Native Americans only used, and respected, what they needed.

Auschwitz :: Essays Papers

Auschwitz Imagine that a man is lying in his bed asleep. He hears a noise downstairs, and gets up to see what the commotion is. Upon going downstairs, he spots ten soldiers, who grab him and throw him into the back of a truck with twenty more people. When the man asks what is going on, he discovers that the truck is heading towards Auschwitz. This situation happened many times years ago, and is known as the Holocaust. Many Jews and other groups were sent to Auschwitz and this report will explain the dark details that occurred there. Auschwitz was the largest German concentration camp and is located close to a Polish town Oshwiecim in Galcia. This camp was set up on April 27, 1940 and could handle its first prisoners by June 14. Auschwitz housed many groups ranging from Jews and Poles, to Soviet war prisoners and Gypsies (wysiwyg://179/http://www.eb.com:180/cgi-b...&hits=10&pt=t&sort=relevance& firsthit=off). The leading commander of this camp was Heinrich Himmler, who was the chief of the Schutzstaffel, Nazi guards, and the secret police. Under Himmler’s direction he was able to create two more camps similar to the original Auschwitz camp. The way that he set up the operations was to have the prisoners sent by rail to the camps, upon arriving at the camps they were then divided into three different groups. One group was sent to the gas chambers within hours of their arrival. The second group was sent to serve as slaves in industrial factories. The third group was sent to different places to underg o medical experiments (http://www.nizkor.org). The first group that were sent to the gas chambers underwent many events before finally being exterminated. When they arrived at Auschwitz, their fate was to be gassed at a smaller camp called Birkenau. At this camp there were many ways that the prisoners could be killed. There were a total of four gas chambers and four crematoria. The gas chambers appeared as showers to the prisoners and the crematoria was used to incinerate their bodies. First, the prisoners would be given a bar of soap and they would be told to go wash in the showers. Then the Germans would ventilate a gas called Zyclon-B into the bath houses. The chemical was invented by a pest control company and could kill the prisoners in a short period of time.

Psychological Perspectives of Understanding Essay

Introduction This booklet will introduce you to the main psychological perspectives to the understanding of a child’s behaviour development. Each perspective will be described in as much detail as possible, and the theorist that are linked to them. The main perspectives are; * Psychodynamic * Freud * Behaviourist * Skinner * Cognitive * Piget * Humanist * Rogers, Maslow, Cooley and mead * Social learning The psychodynamic perspective This perspective is very much based on the early work of Sigmund Freud. It is believed that behaviour is made from a child’s subconscious feelings, which all come from life experiences. It is viewed as a child’s problem as an outward and visible symptom of invisible conflicts. All the conflicts may come from trauma, loss, or from a strained/troubled relationship with parents or carers. Children do not have any inner resources that help them understand their feelings completely so they may be shown in inappropriate and difficult behaviour. Sigmund Freud said that â€Å"when a child’s too painful or too difficult feelings are left untalked about, they leak out in difficult and challenging behaviour or in neurotic symptoms.† The source of a painful feeling is buried under a defensive mechanism that is very hard to find in a child; because of this most children do not understand why they are behaving this way. A psychodynamic assessments are always carried out by psychiatrist as they use techniques that are designed to provide an insight into their past. To do this they use the response of the child to make inferences about sub-conscious motives for behaviour. Once they have understood the child’s behaviour the psychologists will start an intervention which will help the child express their feelings instead of it coming through their behaviour. These can be done through the following;  * Build a supportive relationship with a significant adult * Help the child to talk about what they are feeling in an secure environment * Express painful feeling through drama, storytelling, play or cartoons The behaviourist perspective This perspective is based from the work Skinner. It was said â€Å"Law of Effect† is the behaviour that leads to strengthened behaviour which is ignored or unsatisfying which is all weakened. Behaviourists claim that all behaviour of children are learned and can be changed by systems, such as rewards or punishment. There are two types of rewards behaviourists use, these are informal and formal. * Informal – acknowledgement or praise * Formal – clear targets for example stickers, tokens or points which all then lead to bigger rewards. The behaviourists also claimed that the behaviour requires a scientific approach which is completely based on objectivity and experimentation. The methods they were use were considered to be unscientific, so instead it was all placed on observations on their behaviour rather than a searches for the cause of the behaviour through the child’s past. Behavioural assessments in schools involve observation and recording of a child’s behaviour. When they are observing it is all taken down on an observation checklist, which includes the following titles; * Antecedent * Behaviour * Consequences All this is then used to form a baseline for a post-intervention can be assessed. The Cognitive perspective This perspective shows how a child’s develops understanding what is around them. This refers to different mental activities such as; * Listening * Speaking * Learning * Understanding All the theories of cognitive development concentrate on developments of  their intellectual skills. All the skills that we have are the ones that have been learnt through cognitive development. If none of the children have cognitive skills then they wouldn’t be able to put past experiences or plan future events, cognitive development is very much concerned with how the mental processes work and develop. There were two psychologists who studied cognitive development, there name was Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky. Jean Piaget was a psychologist who looked at a child’s developing their reasoning skills. Piaget carried out detailed observations of them and as his work started taking shape on how our understanding a child’s intellectual skills and as a result of this he has made changes in education. Piaget understood that cognitive developments occurred in stages, his research concentrated on how children learn and start to gain an understanding of their stage of development to be able to learn new concepts. He identified a four-stage process of cognitive development all the way through childhood. He stated that every child would go through each stage but not at the same time, but he also said that some children would sometimes never reach the later stages. The four stages are; * Sensorimotor stage (0-2 years) * Children at very young ages start to learn by their own activity and movement. Everything babies touch or see they put into their mouths or hold them tight and they examine them closely. A child develops an understanding through something called schema. Schema is a mental construction which contains all the information a child has about a particular aspect of the world. * Pre-operational stage (2-7 years) * At this stage children start to show evidence of thinking but it’s not logical thinking, they are not able to perform mental operations. Children will start to use symbolic behaviour such as pretend play, language and drawings. * Concrete operations stage (7-11 years) * At this stage children are able to understand any ideas in a much more logical way but they sometimes still find it hard to understand concepts. * Formal operational stage (age 12 to adult) * At this stage children are able to think in a way which is more abstract and logical way, they can use reasoning skills; they are applying a general principle to a particular situation. Children are more flexible in the way they think. There are two people who have been highly interested in cognitive styles of therapy. Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis, Aaron Beck has used methods of cognitive behavioural therapy to treat many people who have or are suicidal, depressed or may have personality disorders. Whereas Albert Ellis looked at the different ways to change their behaviour my using methods of Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy, he used this to show his patients that their feelings were results of different habits by conditioning rather than being realistic. Therapists that use this approach use training and role-play techniques to modify their behaviour. The humanist perspective This perspective makes positive aspects of development and growth, this emphasises a person’s unique experiences to a personal thoughts. There are four psychologists that are specialised in this perspective, these four are; * Carl Rogers * Rogers developed the concept on self-esteem. According to him everyone has an idea of what someone’s ideal self should be. He believed that if your image of your self is the same as your ideal self then you have good self-esteem. Rogers said that the development of self-esteem all depends on positive regard from others, the effect of a child’s self-esteem will come from their parents’ unconditional love and affection. Children will start to cope with different situations as they get older, for example a sense of achievement or failure in either sports or their educational skills. Rogers also considered cultural factors, gender and physical attributes to come to his conclusion. * Abraham Maslow * Maslow’s theory is based on individuals that are being motivated through seeking to develop through five levels of need. The most basic needs are physiological which are survival instinct, which is then followed by safety needs, belonging and loving needs, self-esteem needs and at the very top is personals achievements and growth. * Cooley * Cooley proposed â€Å"looking glass† theory, which means that the behaviour from children to others acts like a looking glass which gives us a reflection of ourselves. It raises people’s self-esteem. * Mead * Mead had the view that everyone has two aspects â€Å"I† and â€Å"me†. This means that â€Å"I† is the social responses of individual and â€Å"me† being the responses and attitudes of others. It was important of the communication with others for the development of self-esteem. The Social learning perspective Social psychology looks at aspects of development such as behaviour such as being in a group, leadership, non-verbal behaviour and aggression. The social perspective looks at the environment, interactions with others that have influenced the child’s behaviour and attitudes. Bandura theory emphasises on the environment and the social steps of learning. His view is that it would be part of a child’s self development, is what they have observed and imitated from people around them.

Equal protection and due process clauses Essay

In natural rights philosophy, a limited government is a system restricted to protecting natural rights and that does not interfere with other aspects of life. Learning from the revolution in Great Britain, colonists created this country?s limited government in an attempt to protect their country from abuse of power. Both equal protection of the law and due process of law help limited government in preventing the abuse of power. Due process of law is one of our country?s oldest constitutional principles. Taking a cue from the Magna Carta, it requires that the actions of government be conducted according to the rule of the law. It is the most important protection against arbitrary rule. Government officials were now just as accountable for their actions as anyone else. A police officer, or even the president, were now held to the same standards as the average citizen. By adding due process of law to the constitution in 1791, founders basically shot down the threat of corruption by stating that no government can be above the law. Much like due process of law, Equal protection of the law is another way of safeguarding and regulating the use of power. A requirement of the 14th amendment to the U.S. Constitution, equal protection declares that state laws may not arbitrarily discriminate against persons. Protection of the law means that no group or individual can receive special privileges or be deprived of certain rights under the law. It reiterates the belief that our rights are God-given, and government has no right to deprive us of our unalienable rights. Along with due process of law, equal protection is one of the key principles of American Constitutionalism. In reference to the 14th amendment, Senator Jacob M. Howard, one of the 14th Amendment?s authors, once stated, ?It establishes equality before the law, and it gives, to the humblest, the poorest, the most despised?the same rights and the same protection before the law as it gives to the most powerful, the most wealthy, or the most haughty?. Without this principle of equal justice to all men and equal protection under the shield of the law, there can be no republican government and none that is really worth maintaining. Together, due process and equal protection of law help check  and balance the use of power in limited government. They protect our natural rights while at the same time avoiding interference in our lives.

Decision Making For De Registration Of Children Social Work Essay Essay Example

Decision Making For De Registration Of Children Social Work Essay Essay Example Decision Making For De Registration Of Children Social Work Essay Essay Decision Making For De Registration Of Children Social Work Essay Essay The Child Protection ( CP ) registry is a list of kids who are deemed to be in danger of prolonging important injury. This list is confidential and in Wales, the kids on this list are topics of the inter-agency kid protection program. Under this program, the name of the kid and other enrollment inside informations are added to the kid protection registry by the right functionaries, after the determination to register a kid has been made. In Wales, the name of a kid can merely be inserted into the Child Protection Register after a kid protection conference has been held, or when a kid whose name has been put on the Child Protection Register of one local authorization relocates to another country. Normally, the name of a kid is registered under at least one of the under listed classs: For the intent of registering or de-registering a kid in the Child Protection Register in Wales, mention is made to the Child Protection processs under the jurisprudence in Wales. In Wales, taking a kid s name from the kid protection registry is done if a kid protection conference decides that the kid s name should be removed from the list. ( The South Wales Child Protection Forum Protocol 2004 ) The determination to take a kid s name from the kid protection registry can be besides reached without convening a kid protection reappraisal conference if the kid reaches the age of 18 old ages, or if the kid leaves Wales, and the United Kingdom for good ( Valios, N 2005 ) . This can besides happen in the event of the decease of such a kid, and the determination in these fortunes can be made by the appropriate societal services director. If these fortunes mentioned supra are non in happening, so the determination to de-register lies merely with the result of the kid protection reappraisal c onference. A kid s name may besides be removed from the kid protection registry if it is judged that the kid is non at continued hazard of important injury any longer, and therefore does non truly necessitate safeguarding by agencies of the kid protection plan. For illustration, if the hazard of injury to a kid has been reduced either by the actions taken during the child protection plan or if the household fortunes have changed within the period. ( Walters, H. 2006 ) Removal from the registry can besides come about if there is a re-assessment of the kid and the kid s household indicating that the kid protection program is no longer necessary. ( MacLeod, M. 1999 ) Research methodological analysis The research methodological analysis to be utilized in this survey is a descriptive type of research. This descriptive research will try to present facts refering the nature and position of the de-registration of kids from the kid protection registry. This research will utilize the position of e-registration determinations as it exists at the period during the survey and will depict present conditions, systems and events based on the reactions and feelings of the respondents to the research. This research is besides concerned with bing patterns and relationships, ongoing beliefs and procedures, the effects that are being felt as a consequence of the kid protection plan, and the developing tendencies in kid protection services This survey will integrate both primary and secondary research, in order to be able to supply equal treatment for the referee and assist him to derive more understanding about the assorted issues and variables involved in the de-registration procedure. The primary informations for the survey will be represented by the consequences of the study, which will be acquired from the respondents. Creswell noted that this type of descriptive research intends to show facts refering the nature and position of a state of affairs, as it exists at the clip of the survey ( Creswell, 1994 ) . Descriptive research besides has to make with relevant, on-going patterns and relationships. Making usage of the Child Protection Register The local governments are responsible for the care of a cardinal Child Protection Register, which contains a list of the names of kids who are capable to an inter-agency Child Protection Register Child Protection Register Child Protection program. The authorization may hold its ain registry, or might do usage of a general combined Child Protection Register in concurrence with other governments. Registration of a kid in the Child Protection program normally serves as an administrative system for alarming societal workers that there is sufficient professional concern about the registered kid, thereby justifying an inter-agency program to protect such a kid. This administrative system besides insures that the programs made on behalf of the kid are reviewed officially at intervals of at least 6 months. Further enquiries including condemnable including condemnable probe, may go on beyond this phase. The Child Protection Register provides a cardinal point of rapid enquiry for any professi onal staff who is concerned about a kid s safety, development or public assistance. Standard definitions of maltreatment and standards for puting a kid s name on the Register were adopted nationally in 1993 following the recommendations of a joint maneuvering group on Child Protection Management Information. ( The South Wales Child Protection Forum Protocol ) For kids on the kid protection registry, a Child Protection Review Conference is normally held within three months of registering a kid on the kid protection registry, and later at non more than an interval of six months, although the conferences can be held more often if necessary. The processs for the initial conference besides use to the reappraisal conferences, as respects attending, engagement of the kids and their households, exclusion and general determination devising. The reappraisal conference reviews the wellness, safety and development of the kid against the results set out in the kid protection program, considers whether the kid protection program should go on in topographic point or be changed, and ensures that the kid continues to be decently safeguarded. Every reappraisal considers explitly if the kid is still at hazard of important injury, and whether the kid is still in demand of protection by a formal kid protection program. if non, so the kid s name may be de-reg istered from the kid protection plan ( Guidance on Inter-Agency Co-operation ) Ailments The parents/guardians of a kid, and the kid, have the right to appeal against a determination to register or de-register a kid, or a determination about which class the kid should be registered under. The kid and the kid s parents/guardians can besides do representations about the procedure of the conference. These representations will merely be in relation to the multi-agency procedure of the Conference ; any ailments about an single individual or bureau must be made through the bureau s ain Ailments Procedure. ( JAN HORWATH and MARTIN C. CALDER ) The process for ailments and representations is set out in Blaenan Gwent LSCB protocol on representations and ailments, and can besides be found in the cusps for the kid s parents/carers. Child protection counsel at national degree has preponderantly focused on the probe and appraisal of kid maltreatment and disregard. Post-registration pattern has received small attending, ensuing in a assortment of local responses. Data collected indicate that really few Area Child Protection Committees ( ACPCs ) have developed policies, processs or pattern counsel which would supply a construction for post-registration pattern. This place is aggravated farther as single professionals are confused about their ain functions and duties and those of co-workers ( Guidance on Inter-Agency Co-operation ) All the bureaus involved are responsible for bespeaking that the reappraisal conference be brought frontward if there is a perceptual experience that the kid is non being adequately protected within the kid protection program. When such a petition is received, kids s services make an agreement for convening the reappraisal conference earlier than usual. Social Worker s Duties In add-on to taking portion in the appraisal and treatments, which can take to registration or de-registration, and in supervising the kid once they are on the registry, Social Workers have the undermentioned specific duty: If the cardinal worker for a kid alterations between conferences, the surpassing cardinal worker must inform the Children s Safeguarding Manager and designated Senior Clerk for Child Protection of the name of the new cardinal worker and the day of the month of instance transportation. All kids on the Child Protection Register will be the topic of regular reappraisals. Following enrollment, the first reappraisal must be held within three months and within every six months thenceforth. Between reappraisals, the nucleus group established at the initial Child Protection Conference will supervise the Child Protection Plan. If a major alteration is considered necessary, the cardinal worker should bespeak that conference be reconvened if one is non due to be held in the immediate hereafter Social Workers are required to see monthly when a Child /Young individual has been placed on the Child Protection Register. It is indispensable that thorough information is gathered during visits to see a kid /young individual who is on the Child Protection Register. Such visits should be recorded on DRAIG in notes on instance and besides recorded in the DRAIG CP Module as a statutory visit. Following a visit to a kid on the Child Protection Register inside informations must be recorded utilizing the format below. The Team Manager and Social Worker must subscribe a difficult transcript of this recording which will so be placed on the kid s file. All enquires are recorded on DRAIG as an question. It will merely go a referral if the Team Manager makes a determination that farther action demands to be taken. If 2 questions are received about a kid who is non on the Child Protection Register within a 6 month period this must be brought to the attending of the Safeguarding Manager who will discourse the instance with the Team Manager and a determination made as to any farther action required. If an question to the Register is made on a kid who is temporarily registered on the Powys Register so the Safeguarding Manager, or their delegated representative i.e. Senior Clerk will e get off the Safeguarding Manager in the responsible Social Services Department to rede that an question has been made. The timescale for reacting to the question, i.e. informing the individual doing the question of the relevant inside informations of the instance if known or non is within 2 hours of the question being made. The kid s inside informations and ground for question must be recorded within 24 hours of the question being made. Complete within: Respond to individual doing the question within 2 hours of the question being made Complete within: Child s inside informations and ground for question must be recorded within 24 hours of the question being made Information can be sought from the registry by any bureau that is a member of the relevant LSCB.All LSCBs should hold a system to enable bureaus to hold entree to the kid protection registry 24 hours per twenty-four hours. Where there is more than one entree point there must be an in agreement format for entering an question and describing back to the keeper of the registry. In some LSCB countries member bureaus have 24 hr electronic entree to the registry, for case NHS trust accident and exigency services. In these countries LSCBs should guarantee that there is a differentiation made between an automatic cheque to the registry for all kids utilizing that service, and, a specific question to the registry, which is made because there are concerns that an single kid has been abused. Questions to the registry must neer be seen as a replacement for appropriate treatment of concern with societal services and an appropriate kid protection referral. Questions can be made by phone, missive, electronically or facsimile. The keeper will supply the enrollment position of the kid, and, if registered: If a kid s name is on the registry, the inquirer will be given the name of the cardinal worker, and it is the duty of the inquirer to advise the cardinal worker about their concern. The keeper of the registry should advise the cardinal worker of any question sing a kid on the registry, or a kid at the same reference as a kid on the registry In the event of two enquires for a non-registered kid being made in a 6 month period so the keeper will guarantee that the senior director with duty for kid protection is informed. In the event of a 2nd question about a non-registered kid the keeper should inform: 1. The 2nd inquirer about the first question ; 2. The first inquirer about of the 2nd question. Other petitions for information about kids on the kid protection registry may be made in the undermentioned fortunes: 1. A professional preparing a study for tribunal or involved in any formal felon or kid protection question, for illustration CAFCASS Cymru or national probation service ; 2. For the intent of safeguarding kids, for illustration working in regulated scenes, such as kid minders, furthering and acceptance ; 3. Anonymous statistical information ( available to any bureau or person ) . These petitions should be referred to the squad director for the kid if the instance is unfastened. For a kid who has neer been known or is a closed instance, the keeper will allow the inquirer know if the instance involved old enrollment or non. The kid protection program The kid protection program sets out the work that needs to be done, why such work demands to be done, when, why, and by whom. The kid protection program should: Describe the identified demands of the kid and what curative services are required. Reding for the kid can be considered prior to any condemnable test, but this must be discussed and agreed with the Crown Prosecution Service prior to get downing ; Include specific, accomplishable, kid focused aims intended to safeguard the kid and advance his or her public assistance ; Identify which parts of the Core Assessment are still outstanding and place which professionals will necessitate to lend to the Core Assessment to guarantee its completion Include realistic schemes and specific actions to accomplish the aims ; Clearly identify functions and duties of professionals and household members/carers, including the nature and frequence of contact by professionals with kids and household members/carers ; Lay down points at which advancement will be reviewed and the agencies by which advancement will be monitored ; Set out clearly the functions and duties of those professionals with everyday contact with the kid, e.g. wellness visitants, GPs and instructors, every bit good as any specializer or targeted support to the kid and household. ( JAN HORWATH and MARTIN C. CALDER ) The clip graduated table for finishing the nucleus appraisal of the kid protection program is normally 42 working yearss from the get downing point of the initial appraisal. a nucleus appraisal commences at the point at which the initial appraisal ended, or a treatment on scheme decided to originate certain questions. If a kid has non been registered, but meets the standards for nucleus appraisal as a kid in demand, so appraisal and enrollment should be done within the same clip graduated table, provided that the kid s parents agree to continuation of the appraisal. For every kid who is capable to a protection program, the nucleus appraisal should be carried out harmonizing to the recommendations of the initial conference for kid protection, as developed by the nucleus group supervising the appraisal. This appraisal should be consistent with counsel in the model for measuring kids who are in demand, and the households of these kids. The appraisal should besides construct on informati on obtained during the initial questions and appraisal. The kid protection program in Wales provides an inter-agency appraisal model, reappraisal and casework Decision doing about de-registration of a kid from the kid protection registry The determination to topographic point, retrain or take a kid s name from the kid protection registry, and besides whether or non to register a kid for child protection at birth, is based on the positions of the professional bureaus or groups represented at the kid protection conference. The conference will besides take into history, any written parts before making its determination. If the determination to register or de-register a kid is non consentaneous, a note of the dissent from the bulk position will be made in he proceedingss of the conference. If a bulk position or consensus can non be reached by the conference, the president of the conference will be responsible for doing the determination on whether or non to register or de-register a kid from the kid protection plan. During enrollment, the president besides decides which class a kid s name should be placed under or retained on the list, with the determination reflecting on the positions of the parties present during the c onference. It is of import to advise the parents of a kid when their kid s name is to be de-registered from the kid protection service and this presentment should be in composing. all bureaus that are involved with such a kid must besides be informed officially, of the de-registration. that said, the de-registration of a kid from the kid protection list should non automatically do a arrest of the services to the kid, because a kid might still necessitate some extra services and back up even after being removed from the kid protection registry. Therefore, the cardinal societal worker should discourse any needed services with the de-registered kid and the kid s parents. It is besides good pattern to pull up a demand program if governments continue rendering services to a kid for some clip after de-registration. This demand program would be reviewed at intervals of about 6 months until closing. De-registration of a kid from the kid protection program should non needfully take to withdrawal or decrease of support or services to the kid and the kid s household by any or all of the relevant bureaus. Even though the hazard of disregard or maltreatment to the kid has been reduced or eliminated, the kid may still be in demand of assorted services from any or all of the bureaus involved, in order to advance and safeguard the public assistance of the kid. In the event that the professionals working with a kid and the kid s household come to the determination that the hazard that the kid was confronting has been removed or minimized, the local authorization can travel in front to take the name of the kid from the kid protection registry. This determination to de-register a kid would usually be made by a conference reexamining the instance, with representation and positions from the assorted bureaus that may be involved in the instance of that peculiar kid. If an bureau feels that a kid should non be de-registered, this should be noted inside the proceedingss of the `case conference sing the kid s de-registration. The processs of he child protection commission should depict the mode in which any such dissensions should be resolved.

Review and Analysis of the U.S. and UK Government Websites

Review and Analysis of the U.S. and UK Government Websites Introduction Since the 1990s, internet has been expanding at a very fast pace and it has had a significant impact on how organizations and governments operate. During the era, the most technological advanced Western countries, such as the U.S. and Britain, have been working side by side to lead the way in establishing e-government.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Review and Analysis of the U.S. and UK Government Websites specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More E-government is a worldwide phenomenon to improve service delivery and internal efficiency of governmental organizations. With the application of new internet technologies, the developed countries are now leading the global phenomenon of e-government. Today, government agencies, management consulting firms, and IT companies have been exploring and documenting the best practices for e-government initiatives. It can be seen that the development of e-government has follo wed the development of e-commerce after being proven that businesses have been stimulated by it. Below, I’m going to provide a broad overview in e-government practices among two different nations, the U.S. and Britain, and show how they have impacted the society as a whole, to individual citizens and organizations. The government websites are very essential in circulating information between various departments within the government. The sites also provide the information to the public. The websites are designed in such a way that the security issues such as web site hacking are greatly minimized. The websites to be reviewed and analyzed are those of the UK government and the ones for the US government. They include the Official Site of the British Prime Minister’s Office, the United States Senate website, the UK Parliament website, USA Government made easy site, and Directgov website. Review of the Websites Even though these websites are intended to serve almost a sim ilar purpose, they contain different information. The websites are supposed to avail essential information not only to the governmental departments, but also to the public, which includes different organizations and the citizens of these countries.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The UK websites, the official site of the British Prime Minister’s Office and the UK Parliament Website, and Directgov offer a variety of information to the users (The official site of the British Prime Minister’s Office, 2012; United States Senate, 2012; UK Parliament Website, n.d.; USA Government Made Easy, n.d.; Directgov., n.d.). The information in the websites include departmental business plans, the government expenditures, the Whitehall officials, the government contracts, meetings within the ministries, and other important government data. They also contain information regardi ng the bills and legislation. They have a section in which users can register in order to receive the latest news on a regular basis via their email address. The two US government websites mentioned above provide a range of information to the users (United States Senate, 2012; USA Government Made Easy, n.d.). The United States Senate provides information regarding the states in the senate and strategies used to run the House. The USA Government Made Easy website, on the other hand, contains issues such as government jobs, government auctions, unclaimed money, government agencies, grants and other financial assistance programs offered by the US government. Like the UK websites, the US sites also provide the users with chance to register and receive latest updates on a regular basis. The Overall Content of the United States Sites The content for the U.S. government websites are loaded with useful information. There are introductions for every resource that explains everything in detai l which help users who are not familiar with how the governmental system works. For example, in the House of Representatives website, there are learning tools which aid educators and students to learn about how the house works, how the congress makes laws, and etc. Moreover, in the websites, the public are even able to access a variety of disclosure documents, such as the financial disclosure reports and legal expense fund disclosures. I believe the overall presentation for the U.S. government websites are excellent. They are very user friendly and the information presented is very neat and in a proper manner. The websites are simple too without having too many writings that are scattered all over the web, which often times cause the users to get confused.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Review and Analysis of the U.S. and UK Government Websites specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is also very easy to obtain the inf ormation that users are trying to obtain without having to click too many times. Moreover, each of the websites has links which enables users to go from one government website to another government website. Overall, the websites are very easy to use and I believe it is due to their simplicity in design. The Overall Content of the Britain Sites The Britain governmental system is different to that of the U.S. in a way that they have different names for each of the executive and legislative branch. For example, in the U.S. the legislative branch is made up of the House and Senate, or also known as the Congress, whereas the Britain, it consists of Parliament. And, the first impression that I get after visiting the Britain government websites are the fact that they are not as user friendly as the U.S. government websites since they don’t have a clear and concise explanation for each of the terms in detail which make users kind of hard to understand what they are really all about. It is also hard to get the data available to the public since the websites do not really name the data properly. Even though they provide the public with quite a bit of information and data, the information presented is not as neat as the U.S. government websites. Therefore, it is kind of hard for users to retrieve the right data. Moreover, the websites seem a little bit too complicated; they simply have too much writings on the websites. It makes users to have difficulty to navigate around the websites easily without having to read all the presented materials. Furthermore, the websites do not provide the links which enable users to move from one government website to the other. Each of the Britain government website mostly focuses only on what they are specialized at. Overall, the Britain government websites are not as user friendly as the U.S. websites because they are simply too complicated and the information presented are not clear. The Impact of the Data contained in the Websi tes The five websites are freely accessible. They do not require any log-in details before one gets the opportunity to access the information contained in them. Anyone can access the government information in the websites provided he or she opens the right site. This has been done probably to avoid excluding anyone from the information, since the two governments feel that the information is important to every citizen.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The websites have been designed in such a way that they prevent the occurrence of unnecessary issues that normally arise when a user’s details are made public. The sites protect and ensure that the emails provided by the users to enable them to receive the updates, are not accessed by any other user apart from the owner of the details. The websites are also designed in such a way that they contain various links within the site that enable the users to access information related to different fields. For instance, the USA Government Made Easy website has links such as ‘list of government agencies’, ‘government auctions’, and ‘government jobs’ among others. This has the effect of increasing the speed with which a user gets to navigate through the information contained in the links. Both the UK government and U.S. government websites have put in place the relevant measures to help them comply with the legal requirements, hence avoiding cases of litigation. For instance the USA Government made easy website, which offers a diversity visa program, ensures that every citizen is accorded equal and fair chances during the lottery process. There are also measures put in place to ensure that users who practice malicious games such as hacking the government sites are arrested and prosecuted. Impact on Individual Citizens In the past, it used to be hard to get in touch with government agencies, especially with its long hierarchical structure, people must go through all the steps in order for them to be able to reach the right division. Today, with the aid of new technologies, citizens are now able to communicate with government agencies with more ease since e-government is concerned about providing quality public services and value-added information to citizens now. By doing so, the government can make interactions between government agencies and citizens smoother and more efficient, thus the government will be able to build a b etter relationship with the citizens. For instance, the usa.gov website is providing the public with a variety of online services, such as passport application and price comparison services, so that the public can get fast services without having to go through all the troubles. Impact on Organizations Besides facilitating the interaction between government and individual citizens, e-government also focuses on the internal efficiency and effectiveness of operations, resembling enterprise resource planning. This enables the government agencies to work together more efficiently with the organizations, thus they have better coordination and collaboration between each other. Moreover, e-government can make the processes even more efficient by having to provide a one stop service to businesses/organizations as well. By making the processes simpler, it indirectly helps the organizations to be more productive because less time is needed to do more of something, so that the time saved can be used to serve better purpose for the organizations. Conclusion In conclusion, I have provided a broad overview of the current practices of leading e-government countries, and explained how they have impacted the society as a whole. E-government has been established in the first place in order to deliver services, engage citizens, and improve performance. A seamless integration, quality information, and good administrative processes are needed for effective e-government programs. Even though so, some e-governments are still lacking the required resources and infrastructure for its successful transformation. Many governments are still trying their best to integrate e-government programs in their processes, and I believe e-government should be implemented on every country since it provides services to the citizens and enhances the efficiency of government operations. References Directgov. (2012). Public services all in one place. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/ The Official Site of the British Prime Minister’s Office. (2012). Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/prime-ministers-office-10-downing-street UK Parliament Website. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.parliament.uk/ United States Senate. (2012). Retrieved from https://www.senate.gov/ USA Government Made Easy. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.usa.gov/

The Unsolved Case of the Oakland County Child Killer

The Unsolved Case of the Oakland County Child Killer The Oakland County Child Killer (OCCK) is an unknown responsible for the unsolved murders of four or more children, two girls and two boys, in Oakland County, Michigan, in 1976 and 1977. The Murders From February 1976 to March 1977, in Oakland County, Michigan, four children were kidnapped, held for up to 19 days, and then murdered. The killer would then dress them in their freshly pressed clothing, and leave their bodies carefully positioned on blankets of snow or laying in full sight next to a road. The murders resulted in the largest murder investigation in U.S. history at that time, but it failed to produce a suspect. Mark Stebbins In the afternoon on Sunday, February 15, 1976, 12-year-old Mark Stebbins of Ferndale, Michigan,  disappeared after  leaving  the American Legion Hall to go home to watch television. Four days later, on February 19, his body was found around 12 miles from his home, laying in a snowbank in a parking lot in Southfield. He was dressed in the same clothes that he had was wearing on the day that he was abducted, but they were cleaned and pressed. An autopsy determined that he had been with an object and strangled to death. Rope burns were discovered on his wrists, indicating that his hands had been tightly bound. Jill Robinson In the late afternoon of Wednesday, December 22, 1976, 12-year-old Jill Robinson of Royal Oak, got into an argument with her mother and decided to pack a bag and run away from home. It was the last day that she was seen alive. The next day, on December 23, her bicycle was discovered behind a store located on Main Street in Royal Oak. Three days after, her body was found lying on the side of Interstate 75 near Troy within full sight of the Troy police station. An autopsy determined that Jill had died from a shotgun blast to her face. Like Mark Stebbins, she was fully clothed in the clothing that she had worn when she disappeared. Placed next to her body, police found her backpack which was intact. Like Mark, her body appeared to be carefully placed on a pile of snow. Kristine Mihelich On Sunday, January 2, 1977, at around 3 p.m., 10-year-old Kristine Mihelich of Berkley, went to the nearby 7-Eleven and bought some magazines. She was never to be seen alive again. Her body was discovered 19 days later by a mail carrier who was on his rural route. Kristine was fully dressed and her body positioned in the snow. The killer had also closed Kristines eyes and folded her arms across her chest. Although her body was left along a rural road in Franklin Village, it was left in full view of several homes. An autopsy later revealed that she had been smothered. The Task Force Following Kristine Mihelich’s murder, authorities announced that they believed that the children had been murdered by stalking the area. An official task force was formed specifically to investigate the murders. It was made up of law enforcement from 13 communities and led by the Michigan State Police. Timothy King On Wednesday, March 16, 1977, at around 8 p.m., 11-year-old Timothy King left his Birmingham home with $0.30 cents to buy candy, his skateboard tucked under his arm. He was headed to a drugstore near his house in Birmingham. After making his purchase, he left the store through the back exit which led to a parking lot where he seemed to disappear into thin air. With yet another case of an  abducted and likely murdered child on their hands, the authorities decided to perform a massive search throughout the entire Detroit area. Television news stations and Detroit newspapers heavily reported about Timothy and the other murdered children. Timothy Kings father appeared on television, pleading with the kidnapper to not hurt his son and to let him go. Marion King, Timothys mother, wrote a letter that said she hoped she would see Timothy soon so that she could give him his favorite meal, Kentucky Fried Chicken. The letter was printed in â€Å"The Detroit News.† On the night of March 22, 1977, Timothy Kings body was found in a ditch alongside a road in Livonia. He was fully clothed, but it was obvious that his clothes had been cleaned and pressed. His skateboard had been placed next to his body. An autopsy report showed that Timothy had been sexually assaulted with an object and smothered to death. It was also revealed that he had eaten chicken before he was murdered. Before Timothy Kings body was found, a woman came forward with information about the missing boy. She told the task force that on the same night that boy went missing, she saw him talking to an older man in the parking lot behind the drugstore. She described Timothy and his skateboard. Not only had she seen Timothy, but she also got a pretty good look at the man he was talking to, as well as his car. She told the authorities that the man was driving a blue AMC Gremlin with white stripes on the side. With her help, a police sketch artist was able to do a composite drawing of the older man and of the car he was driving. The sketch was released to the public. Profile of the Killer The task force developed a profile of the based on descriptions given by witnesses who saw Timothy talking to a man on the night that he was abducted. The profile described a white male, dark complected, age 25 to 35, with shaggy hair and long sideburns. Because the person seemed to be able to gain the trust of children, the task force believed that the killer was possibly a police officer, doctor, or a clergyman. The profile went on to describe the killer as someone who was familiar with the area and probably lived alone, possibly in a remote area, since he was able to for several days without friends, family or neighbors knowing. The Investigation Over 18,000 tips came into the task force, and all of them were investigated. Although there were other crimes that the police discovered while doing their investigations, the task force had not gotten any closer to capturing the killer.   Allen and Frank Detroit psychiatrist Dr. Bruce Danto  and a member of the task force team received a letter a few weeks after Timothy King was murdered. The letter was written by someone who called themselves Allen. and claimed to be the of his roommate Frank who was the Oakland County Child Killer. In the letter, Allen described himself as guilt-ridden, remorseful, scared, suicidal, and on the brink of losing his mind. He said that he had been with Allen on many road trips looking for boys, but that he was never present when Frank abducted the children or when he murdered them Allen also wrote that Frank drove a Gremlin, but that he had junked it in Ohio, never to be seen again. To offer investigators a motive for the murders, Allen said that Frank killed children while fighting in Viet Nam and was traumatized by it. He was taking revenge on rich people so that they would suffer like he did while in Viet Nam. Allen wanted to work out a deal and offered to turn over incriminating pictures that could be used as evidence against Frank. In exchange, he wanted the Governor of Michigan to sign an agreement that would give him immunity  from prosecution. Dr. Danto agreed to meet Allen at a bar, but Allen did not show up and he was never heard from again. In December 1978 the decision was made to discontinue the task force and the state police took over the investigation.

Fire Protection Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Fire Protection - Research Paper Example By so doing, possible damages that can be caused by occurrences of fire are likely to be reduced. On the other side, Ashmore contends that training is one of the best approaches to the issue of fire protection. In fact it will be of no use to install gadgets which people have no idea on how to use them. The two articles though, seem to approach the issue fully through the suggestions they propose to the practice of fire protection (Beattie 63). Both can prove very effective if implemented appropriately. Spiker, Joseph E., and Daniel Della-Giustina. Fire Protection in Underground Coal Mines. Professional safety, Vol. 42(9), 2000, pp. 20-23. According to Spiker & Daniel (20) fires that affect coals, have posed a major threat to the mining industry. A lot of government revenue has been lost through coal fires hence there is a great need to come up with solutions to the problem. Some of the problems associated with these fires include closing of mines and loss of personnel. To overcome this challenge adequate training has to done to the mining industries (Spiker & Daniel 22). Consequently, industrial managers should advice their manpower on the activities to avoid when in the sites that may be contributing most to such fires. Studies done on the causes of these fires indicated that most of them happen due to the ignorance of the people working there. From this article one can understand the loss caused by coal fires, hence the need to prevent the fires. Spiker & Daniel (23) is specific in his approach to the issue as he focuses on coal fires. He takes a deep study into what the possible causes of the fires can be and the d amage they can cause. While Spiker & Daniel study coal fires, Beattie, studies fire protection in general. He asserts that fires are generally very destructive and can cause great damages if one had no preparedness. According to him companies should install fire extinguishers in every apartment to be in a position to fight the fires in case of any occurrence. Two articles though have the same overall goal of preventing and reducing fires (Spiker & Daniel, 23). They both aim at empowering individuals so that they can be in a position of knowing what to do in fire emergencies. Messner, Michael. Fundamentals of Fire Protection for the Safety Professional. Professional safety, Vol. 51(3), 2006, pp. 40-45. Under this article the basis of protecting fires ranging from chemistry to physics are discussed. Messner (40) explain what fire protection is, what it entails and the challenges associated with the practice. In fact it is very important for one to understand what it means by fire prot ection since the practice demands more than the title suggest. Company owners should have all the OSHA regulation rules on their tips so as to know how to handle issues related to fires (Messner, 42). This is because they are required to provide a safe

Technology Impact on Retail Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Technology Impact on Retail - Research Paper Example Telephone, fax, and non-cash payment systems such as credit cards have existed for quite some time. However, the introduction of computers and internet has changed the face of retail industry in America immensely. Internet related technologies have revolutionized the retail sector like no other technology before. Instead of cash payments, credit card payment systems started to conquer the retail sector in America. Moreover, online purchasing started to dominate offline purchasing as a result of the introduction of new technologies. Amazon, Ebay etc like online retailers started to dominate American retail industry in recent time at the expense of many of the prominent offline retailers. Skorupa (2012) mentioned that Amazon’s forecasted revenue for 2012 is $60 billion (Skorupa, 2012). eBay is also not far behind. The popularity of online retail business forced offline retailers such as Wal-Mart to expand their operation in virtual world. This paper analyses the impacts of techn ology in American retail sector. Technology in American retail sector Internet technologies are being employed at every stage in the retail industry in America at present. Majority of the consumers are using credit cards for paying their bills even though the concerns about credit card forgery like crimes are there. Modern internet technologies are capable of reducing the threats from credit card forgeries up to certain extent which encourage people to increase their cashless transactions in retail sector further. Earlier, it was difficult for retailers to manage their supply chain effectively because of lack of communication channels or ineffectiveness of existing communication channels. However, at present supply chain management in retail industry have been improved a lot with the introduction of internet related technologies. It is easy for the supply chain managers to know the actual inventory of goods at a particular place with the help of a finger touch. Earlier, the informat ion supplied by the managers of the retail shops was used by the supply chain managers to know the inventory of a particular product in a shop. At present, supply chain managers need not wait till the information reaches their table from the retail shop mangers to know these details. Selling statistics of different goods from different shops may reach the table of supply chain manager at the very moment of selling of certain item. For example, a retail shop owner needs to register the details of the customer at the time of selling of Samsung/Apple mobile phones. Thus the supply chain managers will get the information about the present inventory of an item in a particular store any time they want. Current customers have more shopping choices like brick & mortar stores and e-shops. â€Å"Brick & Mortar stores refers to retail shops that are located in a building as opposed to an online shopping destination, door-to-door sales, kiosk or other similar site not housed within a structure †(Waters, 2012). One of the major drawbacks of online retailing is the inability of purchasers to get the physical presence of the product. Brick & Mortar stores help consumers to get the physical presence of the product before they take any purchasing decisions. Ghemawat & Nueno (2006) pointed out that current inventory management systems are leaner due to better forecasting and communication tools. They cited Spanish retailer Zara as an

Analysis of eBay ECommerce Models and Applications Essay

Analysis of eBay ECommerce Models and Applications - Essay Example It is used to evaluate the historical keys to victory and failure and modern progress. It identifies and assembles a commerce-enabled store website and observes what is considered necessary both to develop and sustain the conception store. It also studies suitable approaches and technologies for creating a flourishing e-shop business. It judges the suggestion of mobility on e-business value chains. From now on, you will be grateful for that 'e-commerce' is a rapid developing spot of both practice and research. A large amount of what you read will use the terms e-business model(s) and e-commerce model(s) interchangeably. The clarification that tracks makes a wide difference between the two. e-business model is a 'structure' for organizing e-businesses in terms of planned business objectives, and e-commerce model is a scheme for commerce, processes that give details, in familiar terms, where the supplies and capital flow. Companies are taking the little risk path. They are utilizing the source of internet for doing business on the same old strategies to attain lower cost expenses. The main risk is that e-commerce grows as an island in the customary business and the increasing gap between the two could compromise the entire business. The sites on internet are emerging as new market places for people. ... Fundamentally the business on internet is divided in to three areas, Business to business (also known as B2B), Business to consumer (also referred as B2C) and consumer to consumer (i.e. C2C). Amazon.com a famous domain which sells books over the world wide internet which sells books over the Internet, is an example of a B2C E-commerce initiative where the company gets in touch with its consumers directly. This is equivalent to the direct selling concept popularized by companies such as Amway. The only difference is that the selling is done via the Net. On the other hand, ChemConnect.com and Chemdex.com (which deal with chemicals) are B2B E-commerce initiatives that bring two firms together on the virtual market place. One of the ideal examples of the sites including all these features is "eBay." It is a small world of internet and trade itself and has developed as an important business model for e-commerce. When eBay first started on, the site instantly turned out to be a well-liked channel for auctioning figurines, but it soon merged into other markets as it was a part of them such as automobiles, business and industrial tools, and customer electronics, where the average sales price (ASP) is higher. Increasing the ASP was a dangerous component of increasing sales for eBay, as eBay's contract fees are based on a percentage of sales. The higher the ASP, the more money eBay earns on each of the million transactions it assists. EBay has found and internationalized computerized online person-to-person auctioning. Formerly, such commerce was carried out through garage sales, collectibles shows, flea markets, and classified advertisements. An online marketplace helps easy checking for buyers and permits sellers to record an item for sale within minutes of registering.

Education for the Future Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Education for the Future - Essay Example The pace of learning will increase, whereas the necessary attendance is likely to be reduced, as there will appear such feature as virtual attendance - human hologram will be able to perceive all information, including from sensual channels (see, hear, touch and so on). The concept of education is also likely to alter - from 'teaching' to 'education' in pure meaning, i.e. there will be more attention to individual assignments. Nevertheless, the role of teacher, or, more precisely, tutor, will remain intact, and in addition, the professor's authority and knowledge will become one of the main stimuli for secondary education. In fact, schools will be more adjusted to each person's needs, and classes will be formed according to each student's interests and aspirations for future. From earliest years, students will concentrate on the subjects or topics they find interesting or worth attention, whereas the so-called general disciplines, such as math, history, literature and physics will 's urvive'.

What Were the Causes of the Second World War Essay

What Were the Causes of the Second World War - Essay Example The main causes of the Second World War are expansionism, problems with treaty of Versailles, competition for resources, issues with League of Nations etc. The great depression is also one of the major causes of Second World War. The tipping point of the war was invasion of Soviet Union by the Germans and the attack on Pearl Harbor. All these causes will be discussed in great detail below.Expansionism The desire for territorial expansion was ubiquitous in the 20th century. Countries wanted to display their power of military through invasions. It is also noteworthy here that Germany did not have any colonies like France and Britain. These two powers had colonies all over the world and Germany wanted the same power. This desire of expansion can be regarded as the major cause of Second World War. The ambitions of Italy and Germany were to hold territories like other European powers. It was thought that it was the only way to survive in the long run. Japan also was motivated by similar d esires of expansionism (Sir. Kershaw, I. 2011). Japan wanted to extend its influence in the pacific and that is why Japan attacked the Pearl Harbor. It was done as a display of its superior air force. The doctrine of expansionism therefore contributed greatly to the Second World War.Treaty of Versailles can safely be regarded as one of the main causes of the Second World War. The treaty was signed not to discourage future wars but to punish perpetuators of the First World War. The problem with the treaty was that it instilled hatred in the hearts of German people. This hatred played a pivotal role in the Second World War. The main aim of the treaty should have been to prevent future wars and to establish long lasting peace instead it put financial burdens on Germany so much so that the ordinary people started to feel a sense of injustice. Germany was forced, in the Treaty of Versailles to pay damages of war to Britain and France. The damages were great so Germany started borrowing m oney and printing Marks (German currency) in order to pay off the damages. This caused the life of normal people to be disturbed by hyperinflation. These were the people who had nothing to do with the war but were paying the cost of it. The problems faced by common people of Germany as a result of the Treaty of Versailles greatly kindled the German populace to unite against their enemies namely the French and the Britain. Another consequence of the Treaty of Versailles was that it divided German ethnic groups in different regions and this is regarded as the greatest weakness of the Treaty of Versailles (Ross, S. 2003). The aim of the treaty was to divide the German nation in order to prevent any future war adventures. France wanted Germany demilitarized so that it can retain its previous status of the biggest military power in Europe. By dividing and demilitarization Germany it was thought that future wars would be made impossible. Unfortunately this never happened instead German pe ople united themselves under Nazi Party and Hitler, and waged another war to avenge all injustices of the Treaty of Versailles. Competition for Resources and Markets One of the less discussed causes of the

Dangerous Climate Change. What Strategies Are Available To Avert The Essay

Dangerous Climate Change. What Strategies Are Available To Avert The Onset Of Dangerous Climate Change - Essay Example Some reports have shown European summers getting hotter, Alaskan streams and other lakes getting warmer, and our polar ice caps allegedly thawing (Schneider and Lane, 2006). More than just the actual warming of the planet, the impact of such warming has certainly captured the world’s attention. These are the major issues which have caused much concern among authorities and the public in general. This issue has managed to affect the environmental, as well as the business community with projected losses in profits accredited to climate change. Environmental experts claim that as our planet continues to grow warmer, more environmentally related disasters would be expected to occur with much stronger hurricanes, storms, and typhoons building up in the warmer oceans (Lemonic, 2008). These experts further emphasize that man has to address the issues which pertain to climate change in order to stem the progression of this phenomenon into dangerous levels. The word ‘dangerousâ⠂¬â„¢ seems to have now been strongly associated with climate change. Its actual meaning in the context of climate change will be discussed in this paper. This paper shall discuss climate change and the different ways by which its implications can actually be quantified to dangerous levels. It will discuss the point where climate change can be considered acceptable and the point where it is considered to be dangerous. This study is being undertaken in order to establish a thorough and comprehensive understanding of climate change as well as its implications to our society and our efforts towards reversing its impact. Discussion Defining ‘dangerous climate change’ ‘Dangerous climate change’ is a term which was introduced legally during the 1992 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (McGuire, n.d). Climate researchers have come up with different definitions in order to define the point at which climate change can be considered dangerous. Schneide r and Lane (2006, as cited by Spratt and Sutton, 2008) have suggested different metrics in measuring climate change and such metrics have included: the risks to unique and threatened geophysical or biophysical systems; risks related with extreme weather events; total damages; temperature thresholds to large-scale events; risks to global ecosystems; loss of human cultures; key sustainability metrics of water, energy, agriculture, health, and biodiversity; the number of people put at risk; and the triggering of irreversible chain of events. These are all metrics which can be used in order to determine how dangerous the impact of climate change is. Dawson and Spannagle (2009) discuss that dangerous climate change is the degree of climate change which violates Article 2 of the UNFCCC. Article 2 basically sets forth that the function of the UNFCCC is to manage the emission of greenhouse gases to levels which would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the weather and climate system (Dawson and Spannagle, 2009). In effect, such acceptable levels must be achieved within levels which would: â€Å"allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change; ensure that food production is not threatened; and enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner† (Dawson and Spannagle, 2009, p. 112). Article 2 does not use the exact words ‘dangerous climate change,’ however such words are accepted in terms of dangerous anthropogenic interference; it also refers to the man-made toxic chemical emissions which trigger climate changes beyond their natural patterns. The UNFCCC has not come up with a clear definition

What Were the Causes of the Second World War Essay

What Were the Causes of the Second World War - Essay Example The main causes of the Second World War are expansionism, problems with treaty of Versailles, competition for resources, issues with League of Nations etc. The great depression is also one of the major causes of Second World War. The tipping point of the war was invasion of Soviet Union by the Germans and the attack on Pearl Harbor. All these causes will be discussed in great detail below.Expansionism The desire for territorial expansion was ubiquitous in the 20th century. Countries wanted to display their power of military through invasions. It is also noteworthy here that Germany did not have any colonies like France and Britain. These two powers had colonies all over the world and Germany wanted the same power. This desire of expansion can be regarded as the major cause of Second World War. The ambitions of Italy and Germany were to hold territories like other European powers. It was thought that it was the only way to survive in the long run. Japan also was motivated by similar d esires of expansionism (Sir. Kershaw, I. 2011). Japan wanted to extend its influence in the pacific and that is why Japan attacked the Pearl Harbor. It was done as a display of its superior air force. The doctrine of expansionism therefore contributed greatly to the Second World War.Treaty of Versailles can safely be regarded as one of the main causes of the Second World War. The treaty was signed not to discourage future wars but to punish perpetuators of the First World War. The problem with the treaty was that it instilled hatred in the hearts of German people. This hatred played a pivotal role in the Second World War. The main aim of the treaty should have been to prevent future wars and to establish long lasting peace instead it put financial burdens on Germany so much so that the ordinary people started to feel a sense of injustice. Germany was forced, in the Treaty of Versailles to pay damages of war to Britain and France. The damages were great so Germany started borrowing m oney and printing Marks (German currency) in order to pay off the damages. This caused the life of normal people to be disturbed by hyperinflation. These were the people who had nothing to do with the war but were paying the cost of it. The problems faced by common people of Germany as a result of the Treaty of Versailles greatly kindled the German populace to unite against their enemies namely the French and the Britain. Another consequence of the Treaty of Versailles was that it divided German ethnic groups in different regions and this is regarded as the greatest weakness of the Treaty of Versailles (Ross, S. 2003). The aim of the treaty was to divide the German nation in order to prevent any future war adventures. France wanted Germany demilitarized so that it can retain its previous status of the biggest military power in Europe. By dividing and demilitarization Germany it was thought that future wars would be made impossible. Unfortunately this never happened instead German pe ople united themselves under Nazi Party and Hitler, and waged another war to avenge all injustices of the Treaty of Versailles. Competition for Resources and Markets One of the less discussed causes of the

Influence of Religion at Literature and Art review

Influence of Religion at and Art - Literature review Example This paper will begin with the statement that the twentieth century was the most discrepant period in the history of mankind. On the one hand that was the epoch of scientific, technical and intellectual progress and great hitches in all spheres of human activity. On the other, the 20th century was the age of deep spiritual crisis. Every person in the world revised old established ideas about good and evil. Thomas Mann called it the age of endless wars and revolutions (Jasper, 1992, p. 54). It assumed collisions not only between countries and classes but also in human minds and souls. The radical experience of the World War I and World War II was described by American writers who came to fight young, full of hopes and returned from the war with destroyed dreams and believes without finding the new ones. Such writers created their own literature - the literature of "Lost Generation". In their works Ernest Hemingway, William Folkner and others depicted disregarded surroundings, estrange ment and deep pessimism caused by cruel reality. Ernest Hemingway wrote " when men fight for the freedom of their country against a foreign invasion, and when these men are your friends, some few friends and some of long standing, you know how they were attached and how they fought, you learn, watching them live and fight and die, you learn that there are worse things than war. Cowardice is worse, treachery is worse, and simple selfishness is worse" (Brian, 1988, p. 73). People, who got the scar of the war did not believe in God any more. The crisis of the twentieth century was one of the social phenomena that had to be acknowledged before it was dealt with. The way out of the crisis was hard and long because the main reason of it was the changing of the attitude towards the Christian dogmas. Outstanding German philosopher Fridrich Nitse wrote: "Concept of God still was the strongest objection against existing We disclaim God. We deny the responsibility in God and due to this we'll save the world for the first time" (Pelican, 1991, p. 83). Another philosopher Thomas Mann said that Christianity was one of the bases on which our civilization lied. In such turbulent times every person who was spiritually free and not only swimming with the stream of the age had an urgent necessity to reappraise his values, to realize them again and stand up for them. The 20th century strictly criticised Christian morality. Nevertheless that criticism touched only the superficial ideas but the deep Christian dogmas that were found once stayed virginal (Jasper, 1992, p. 69). For the last two thousand years you could hardly find a literary work where the theme of religion, faith or God was omitted. These themes were omnipresent. Their variations - Christian images, symbols, allusions, associations, philosophical reflections on God were found in works of different writers, different genres and styles. American literature of the 20th century was not an exception. Till the time Kurt Vo nnegut's usage of Christian motives were not thoroughly examined. The critics had an opinion that Christianity and Vonnegut were almost incompatible. They supposed the writer's attitude towards Christianity was not serious but even negative. Only the last researches of his works showed the role and meaning of Christianity in author's world outlook. Religion played an important role in Vonnegut's artistic world and the Bible was the main element of the author's thinking. Vonnegut emphasised the positive beginning of Christianity, its appeal to universal love. Nevertheless Vonnegut thought that the Christian religion couldn't prevent shocking crimes of the 20th century. J. Lundguist wrote a book dedicated to Kurt Vonnegut and his works. In it he analysed Vonnegut's manner of writing and pointed out "the cosmic irony" as the main feature of writer's method. He also touched the theme of Christian religion especially while analysing the Vonnegut's novel "Slaughter-House Five" (1969). Lun dguist compared the main hero of the novel with Jesus Christ.

Alumni Essay Example for Free

Alumni Essay GENERAL BACKGROUND Information system (IS) is the study of complementary networks of hardware and software that people and organizations use to collect, filters, and process, create, and distribute data. The study bridges business and computer science using the theoretical foundations of information and computation to study various business models and related algorithmic processes within a computer science discipline. Computer information system (CIS) is a field studying computers and algorithmic processes, including their principles, their software and hardware designs, their applications, and their impact on society while IS emphasizes functionality over design. Any specific information system aims to support operations, management and decision making. In a broad sense, the term is used to refer not only to the information and communication technology (ICT) that an organization uses, but also to the way in which people interact with this technology in support of business processes. Some authors make a clear distinction between information systems, computer systems, and business processes. Information systems typically include an ICT component but are not purely concerned with ICT, focusing instead on the end use of information technology. Information systems are also different from business processes. Information systems help to control the performance of business processes. Alter argues for advantages of viewing an information system as a special type of work system. A work system is a system in which humans and/or machines perform work (processes and activities) using resources to produce specific products and/or services for customers. An information system is a work system whose activities are devoted to processing (capturing, transmitting, storing, retrieving, manipulating and displaying) information. As such, information systems inter-relate with data systems on the one hand and activity systems on the other. An information system is a form of communication system in which data represent and are processed as a form of social memory. An information system can also be considered a semi-formal language which supports human decision making and action. NEED OFINFORMATION SYSTEM Information systems help provide structure and access to information. Since libraries build, manage, and maintain information systems, librarians and LIS students are often propelled onto the front lines of interactions between library users and technology. But what do librarians need to know to best meet their patrons needs? Information expert Ratzan uses plain language, humor, and everyday examples like baseball and arithmetic to make sense of information systems . He also explores their characteristics, uses, abuses, advantages, and shortcomings for your library. Fun exercises and appendices are provided to illustrate key points in the book and measure understanding. You can be a technophobe and still learn about systems and subsystems to represent, organize, retrieve, network, secure, conceal, measure, and manage information. This expert sourcebook addresses both theoretical and practical issues, and is complete with exercises, examples, terms, and charts that help clarify concepts to make your information system a success. ADVANTAGES OF INFORMATION SYSTEM Information systems have significantly transformed the way business is conducted. In todays society it would be pretty difficult to find an organization that does not use some form of technology, automation or information system to help run its operational and daily transactional processes. Computer technology has become so highly integrated in the business environment it is often hard to remember a time when organizations operated without it. The benefits technology offers are very valuable and this is the primary reason why many businesses opt to invest in information systems. Increased Productivity When automation takes over some of the burden of the more mundane and routine tasks, the rapid speed increases productivity. In addition employees are free to work on other important tasks that require human thinking. The time computer information systems frees up also gives both management and their staffs the ability to have time to brainstorm and come up with new and innovative ideas since the burden of some of the everyday tasks are lifted. Less Redundancy and Better Data Integrity Computer information systems can be programmed to have amazing ability to eliminate duplicates, point out inconsistencies and merge data together to make it more manageable. This heightens the ability for higher degrees of accuracy and efficiency. Data integrity means the data is more reliable due to the capabilities of automation. Inputting data into information systems where it can be sorted, filed and processed is highly efficient. Long gone are the days of filing cabinets, missing papers, misfiled documents and other important details. If information is needed, all it takes is a few clicks of the mouse or a few works typed in and all the information immediately pops right up. Instead of having separated computer systems for different parts of a business, modern information systems allow systems to be streamlined. No longer do different staff members have to input and file the same information for their own purposes and needs. Instead data goes into one central place and IT personnel set up user privileges which are typically on a need to know basis and employees can access which areas of the information system they need to perform their jobs. Initially investing in computer information systems is a large investment, but when strategically planned through proper system analysis, the investment in information systems can pay off handsomely over the long term. The key is to think of the organizations mission, objectives and overall business plan and ensure the implemented information system meets these goals. With proper planning a company can simultaneously maximize profit while decreasing overhead costs. The possibilities of using information systems in business are endless. While  there are some challenges to overcome when making the transition to new kinds of automation, with strategic thinking, good technical planning and an overall willingness to embrace change through technology, there are many terrific advantages of integrating information systems in any organization. ALUMNI INFORMATION SYSTEM Alumni information system is an example of web application which is under the information systems. It helps an academic institution in tracking its alumni. Also, it helps the alumni to communicate with the institution through the use of the internet. It also helps the alumni to get updated with the latest news and upcoming events of the institution. This application can easily be accessed through the use of the internet which will be very useful to the alumni because they can keep in touch with the institution even if they do not visit the school. This application can be very useful especially to those alumni who are now living abroad because they can still get connected with their fellowmen and the institution. Nowadays, computer has infiltrated all the aspects of our society. The computer is most likely one of the great technological mechanism for future change. It can now simply make our works easier and lighter. With this great thing it won’t be more useful without the computer’s software. Software is a generic term for organized collections of computer data and instructions, often broken into two major categories: system software that provides the basic non-task-specific functions of the computer, and application software which is used by users to accomplish specific tasks. SCOPE OF THE PROJECT WORK A website requires attractive design and proper arrangement of links and images, which enables a browser to easily interpret and access the properties of the site. Hence it provides the browser with adequate information and functionality about the organization, community, network etc. This sites use to view information of alumni, job vacancy details. The current happening information showing in the page. The alumni are old students are registering their information in the  department. Here the department organizing the any activities is inserting in the site. This web site is totally full of information and details of person joined with that institute. This project is to modify, add store data of each and every individual. ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION Introduction A to Z Computech is one of the foremost technical and well experienced Computer Institute. It offers Diploma Courses, Higher Diploma Courses, Post Graduate Diploma Courses, Certified Courses, Individual Courses, Project Works, Implant Training, Soft Skill Training, Web Designing, and Software Development in various streams and Aims to provide Quality Computer Education. The Institute was established in June 1996 in Chennimalai, headed by J. Senthil Kumar, The Managing Director, and a visionary with 18 years of experience in the Field of IT. The Institute was certified by International Standard Organization (ISO 9001:2008). A to Z Computech aim to provide superior Computer Education in convivial and artistic environment with disciplined, Dedicated and Corporate regulations. Vision Vision is to bring up the computer skills, Innovative ideas and talents of each and every individual student from rural area and make them to participate in team for the Development of our nation. By providing Quality, time bound and cost-efficient Computer Education. Mission [The ultimate goal of A to Z Computech is to have its own identity in the Computer Training industry as a most trusted trainer in all aspects and a one stop solution for high quality, time bound and cost effective Institute. A to Z Computech is committed to maintain 100% student’s satisfaction by certain values Deep Integrity Ensuring Code of Conduct. Precious Timekeeping Highest level of Training Potential Leadership with an Energetic Team Sufficient Infrastructure for anytime Expansion Continuous Growth 100% Success Leadership and Team A to Z Computech are an Institute with diverse talents skills. Our Institute offers a Job Oriented Courses, College Project Works (All UG PG Courses), In Plant Training in which talented, creative motivated students can be employed by us. A to Z Computech dont just acknowledge hard work achievements; A to Z Computech reward it groom it. A to Z Computech have an experienced team of ambitious, vibrant, young professionals having ability to update with latest trends requirements of students. A to Z Computech teams passion is to take challenges and to deliver to Students expectations. ORGANIZATION OF THE PROJECT REPORT This project report is subdivided into six main chapters and some appendix. Chapter I â€Å"INTRODUCTION† includes the introduction about information system, need of information system, advantages of information system, alumni information system, about the organization and organization of the project report. Chapter II â€Å"SYSTEM ANALYSIS† includes description of the Existing System and proposed system. It’s employed to provide a systematic proposed method and principles to achieve the objectives of the report. Chapter III â€Å"SYSTEM SPECIFICATION† includes hardware and software requirements, front end and backend details. Chapter IV â€Å"SYSTEM DESIGN† includes system and data flow diagram, module description, database, input and output design. Chapter V â€Å"TESTING IMPLEMENTATION† includes testing plan and schedule, implementation details. Chapter VI â€Å"CONCLUSION FUTURE WORK† includes the conclusion and general evaluation of the project and suggestion of the future work.

The Contributions of Isaac Newton Essay -- Sir Isaac Newton Essays

Sir Isaac Newton was a profound mathematician and physicist, one of the primary scientificintellects of all time. For almost 300 years, Newton has been known as the leader in scientific achievements of modern physical science as well as mathematical research. Dedicated to learning and experimenting, Newton also plunged into chemistry, early history of Western Civilization and theology, and a concentration of special studies in forms and dimensions, which also included Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem. On Christmas day in 1642, Newton was born to a widowed farming mother. In 1664 while still a student, Newton studied optics and light. He investigated the refraction of light by a glass prism, which led to discovering measurable mathematical patterns in the phenomenon of color (1). He found white light to be a mixture of infinitely varied colored rays, each ray identifiable by the angle that it is refracted on entering or leaving a given translucent medium. Newton also correlated this experiment with his study of the interface of colors on thin films, such as oil and soap bubbles. He used a simple technique of measuring the thickness of each film used (2). This experiment of optics and light were widely unaccepted by many scientists. Newton'sexperiments were thought to be unconventional because they went against the previous ideas of optics and light. The skepticism of Christian Huygnes and Edme Mariotte's failure to duplicated Newton's experiments set other scientists on the European Continent against Newton for a generation. Newton's showed early intellect in mathematics through his notes in school. Newton made contributions to all branches of mathematics, but mainly discovered solutions to contemporary problems in analyti... ...dern science. Footnotes: 1. Hall, A. Rupert. Isaac Newton: Adventurer in Thought. New York: Cambrige Press. 1992. pg 68. 2. Hall, A. Rupert. Isaac Newton Eighteenth-Century Perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1999. pg 72. 3. White, Michael. Isaac Newton: The Last Sorcerer. Reading, Massachusettes: Addison-Wesley. 1997. pg 78. 4. White, 79. 5. White, 89. 6. White, 180. 7. Hall, 234. 8. Hall, 235. 9. Hall, 270. 10. Hall, 286. 11. White, 295. Bibliography: Hall, A. Rupert. Isaac Newton: Adventurer in Thought. New York: Cambrige Press. 1992. pg 68. Hall, A. Rupert. Isaac Newton Eighteenth-Century Perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1999. pg 72. White, Michael. Isaac Newton: The Last Sorcerer. Reading, Massachusettes: Addison-Wesley. 1997. pg 78. The Contributions of Isaac Newton Essay -- Sir Isaac Newton Essays Sir Isaac Newton was a profound mathematician and physicist, one of the primary scientificintellects of all time. For almost 300 years, Newton has been known as the leader in scientific achievements of modern physical science as well as mathematical research. Dedicated to learning and experimenting, Newton also plunged into chemistry, early history of Western Civilization and theology, and a concentration of special studies in forms and dimensions, which also included Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem. On Christmas day in 1642, Newton was born to a widowed farming mother. In 1664 while still a student, Newton studied optics and light. He investigated the refraction of light by a glass prism, which led to discovering measurable mathematical patterns in the phenomenon of color (1). He found white light to be a mixture of infinitely varied colored rays, each ray identifiable by the angle that it is refracted on entering or leaving a given translucent medium. Newton also correlated this experiment with his study of the interface of colors on thin films, such as oil and soap bubbles. He used a simple technique of measuring the thickness of each film used (2). This experiment of optics and light were widely unaccepted by many scientists. Newton'sexperiments were thought to be unconventional because they went against the previous ideas of optics and light. The skepticism of Christian Huygnes and Edme Mariotte's failure to duplicated Newton's experiments set other scientists on the European Continent against Newton for a generation. Newton's showed early intellect in mathematics through his notes in school. Newton made contributions to all branches of mathematics, but mainly discovered solutions to contemporary problems in analyti... ...dern science. Footnotes: 1. Hall, A. Rupert. Isaac Newton: Adventurer in Thought. New York: Cambrige Press. 1992. pg 68. 2. Hall, A. Rupert. Isaac Newton Eighteenth-Century Perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1999. pg 72. 3. White, Michael. Isaac Newton: The Last Sorcerer. Reading, Massachusettes: Addison-Wesley. 1997. pg 78. 4. White, 79. 5. White, 89. 6. White, 180. 7. Hall, 234. 8. Hall, 235. 9. Hall, 270. 10. Hall, 286. 11. White, 295. Bibliography: Hall, A. Rupert. Isaac Newton: Adventurer in Thought. New York: Cambrige Press. 1992. pg 68. Hall, A. Rupert. Isaac Newton Eighteenth-Century Perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1999. pg 72. White, Michael. Isaac Newton: The Last Sorcerer. Reading, Massachusettes: Addison-Wesley. 1997. pg 78.

Free Macbeth Essays: Foreshadowing the Apparitions -- GCSE Coursework

Foreshadowing the Apparitions in MacBeth One would question the credibility of the enigmatic apparitions within Macbeth's renowned Act IV, Scene i. Shakespeare gains the audience's acceptance of the three mystically summoned apparitions through methodically foreshadowing a supernatural event is about to occur. Each stance of Shakespeare's foreshadowing -- cauldron potions, Hecate, the second witch's awareness of MacBeth, and stage direction -- contributes to the believability of the apparitions' appearance in the play. The fact the witches were mixing a "poisoned (IV,i,5)" concoction upon the entrance of MacBeth implies "trouble (IV,i,10)." Three witches circling around a cauldron, throwing in items such as "baboon's blood (IV,i,37)" foreshadows something dark and mysterious will happen. Hecate, the queen of the witches, "commends (IV,i,39)" the witches for their "pains (IV,i,39)," upon entrance to the witchery drenched stage. Hecate also uses a device similar to the royal we. She implies that the entirety of the populous will benefit from the outcome of the p...