Motorcycle Inustry Essay Example for Free

Motorcycle Inustry Essay Hero Honda launched CBZ 156cc motorcycle . Bajaj launched Kawasaki, Boxer AT CT . Royal enfield launched machismo A350 and lightning 535 . Kinetic engineering ltd launched Brat and kinetic challenger . 2000: There was a entry of new companies like TVS , Yamaha , (Lohia Motors) . Hero Honda launched Joy, Passion , and a remodeled Street. Bajaj launched KB Eliminator , KB Caliber Chroma , KB Aspire and KB Acer . LML came up with Adreno and Energy . Escorts Yamaha launched Crux and TVS Group launched Fiero . 2001: Bajaj launched the Pulsar range . TVS launched Victor 110cc . Yamaha upgraded the Crux version with Crux R. Kinetic engineering launched the GF125 and GF150. Background note:- Indian two wheeler market is divided into three major segments :- India is the 2nd largest user and 3rd largest manufacturer of two wheelers in the world. Bajaj Auto laid the foundation of the Indian two wheelers industry in 1948 by trading in imported Vespa scooters. Change in the Trend: Scooters dominated the Indian market till 1990. Thus till 1990 Bajaj was the undisputed leader in scooter market followed by LML Kinetic . After the Liberalisation , privatization and globalization , many companies entered into joint ventures and technical collaborations with foreign companies lke Honda , Suzuki , Yamaha etc. Due to introduction of 100-cc motorcycles an intersegment shift began to start which resulted in the decline in the sales of the motorcycles. Due to delayed launch of new and advanced scooter models , four stroke scooters prone to skidding risk and vibrations etc the demand for motorcycled went up. This demand was mainly driven by rural and semi-urban comsumers. In 2000 , the motorcycle market was characterized by the presence of sub segments based on price :- The Motorcycle Story:- In 1980’s factors namely high running and maintenance cost , perception that motorcycle is more suitable for rural roads , high price of motorcycle in comparison with mopeds or scooters and the availability of fairly new models of scooter led to a sharp decline in the growth of motorcycle segment. De-licensing in the motorcycle industry in mid-1980’s came to their rescue , and hence there was a healthy growth in the sales figure. In 1990 , motorcycle industry witnessed recession because of rising fuel prices , high input cost and reduced purchasing power due to significant rise in general price level and liquidity crisis in comsumer financing. In 1992 companies suffered big time . Entry of new players in the motorcycle market led to losses or fall in profits. In 1993, launch of 100-cc motorcycles led to a inter-segment shift began to take place and motorcycles sales began to grow as a result of flag in the recession. In 1999 , there was a big shift from demand of scooters to the demand of Motorcycles. This shift was mainly attributed tpo the change in customer’s preference towards fuel-efficient and appealing models, delay in launch of new scooters etc. PESTLE ANALYSIS :- Pestle analysis is a tool that can aid the organization in making strategies which will help them understand the external environment in which they operate now and will operate in the future. PESTLE FLOWCHART PESTLE Political/Legal:- 1. Restrictive policy of the govt. towards the car industry in the pre liberalization era . This indirectly helped the motorcycle industry to develop . 2. Delicensing of the automobile sector in mid 1980’s . This led to the entry of foreign players in the automobile industry 3. Break up of the joint venture between -Escorts Yamaha -TVS Suzuki -Hero Motors Honda Motors Due to these break ups Indian Companies were forced to invest in R D for manufacturing indigenously develop models Economical:- 1. High running and maintenance cost . High price of motorcycles in comparison with scooters or mopeds. Due to this companies had to reduce either the quality or had to increase the price of the motorcycles and this resulted in fall in the sales 2. Rise in fuel price high input , reduced purchasing power. This led to increase in the price level and gradually recession. Sociocultural:- 1. Rise in demand for personal transport. This created a demand for two wheelers in the industry 2. Inefficiency of public transportation system made people dissatisfied with it and they demanded some vehicle that could be economical and cater to their needs. 3. Perception that motorcycle were more suitable for the rural roads Availability of fairly new models of scooters. This led to sharp decline in growth of motorcycles . Technological:- 1. Due to Launch of 100-cc motorcycles there was a Intersegment shift and growth of sales figures of motorcycles. 2. Factors like delayed launch of advance scooter models fear of four stroke scooters being prone to increased skidding risks and vibration contributed in the decline in the demand of scooters.

HR professionals in organizational changes

HR professionals in organizational changes Compared with traditional HR professionals, current HR managers have been more and more involved in organizational activities beyond their own function. The aim of this essay is to discuss the role HR professionals in organizational changes. Alfes, K., Turss, C., and Gill, J. (2010) The HR Manager as Change Agent: Evidence from the Public Sector, Journal of Change Management, 10,1: 109-127. In this article, Alfes et al. argued that how human resources department contribute to day-to-day management of change program is still unclear. Thus, the author used data from two public sector organizations, including a borough council and a general hospital in the UK to investigate the HR practitioners involvement based on two axes, including process and content, and proactivity vs. reactivity. Their study identified four key roles of human resource managers, including Change Driver, Change Focused, Human Resources Focused and Responsive. This article is helpful to my study since it provides solid evidence about the role of HR manager as change agent. The main limitation of this study is that only two cases are involved. Therefore, the authors suggest further studies that test how their framework can be applied to a wider range of cases. This study forms the basis of my study, since my topic is the HR managers role in managing changes. McGuire, D., Stoner, L. Mylona, S. (2008) The Role of Line Managers as Human Resource Agents in Fostering Organizational Change in Public Services, Journal of Change Management, 8,1:73-84. In this article, McGuire et al. reviewed the role change of line managers during the process of commercialization of the public sector. The authors try to develop a model describing the content, inhibitors and enablers of line managers role as HR agents in organizational change. This article reviewed a wide range of studies in this field and identified a series of enablers and inhibitors of line Managers involvement in HR process. This article is useful to my study, since McGuire et al.s findings suggested that HR functions are not only performed by staff in HR department, line managers also contribute to HRM in organizational changes. The main limitation of this study is that it does not provide any real cases showing the application of their model. Therefore, whether this model is applicable to real case analysis is still unknown. This article will not form the basis of my study. However, it provides me important clue about the role change of managers. Francis, H. (2003) HRM and the beginning of organizational change, Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16, 3: 309-327 In this article, Francis suggested that human resource (HR) is closely associated with polices and performance issues of an organization. The author examined the role of HRM in regulating changing based on Ford and Fords (1995) conceptual framework. This study focuses on the role of HRM in generating conversation during the process of changes and applied the framework into analysis of a large UK manufacturing firm. This article is helpful to my study since it provides me a real case to understand how HRM contribute to shift of conversation during the process of change. The main limitation of this study is that it did not suggest sequential movement under different types of conversation. Therefore, the author suggested that further study can be conducted to discuss the how hard or soft change mechanisms can be applied to different situations in order to achieve successful organizational change. This article forms the basis of my study and provides me important information about how to initiate changes by using HRM tools. Truss, C. (2008) Continuity and change: the role of the HR function in the modern public sector, Public Administration, 86,4: 1071-1088 Truss argues that the New Public Management in the UK may bring significant changes to the role of human resource management. Therefore, the author examined whether the HR management has become more strategies based on data collected from 134 interviews with senior and middle line managers in six public sectors organizations in the UK. This study typically distinguished the differences between administrative and strategic HR functions and assessed the extent to which the managers in the organizations play the roles. This study is helpful to may study, as Truss found that new strategic role and conventional role of HR managers are both required for managing changes. The major limitation of this study is the small sample size and the associated possibility of the generalisability of the findings. Besides, not all categories of public organizations were involved in this study. Thus, the author suggested larger scale studies in the future. This article forms the basis of my research. It offers important clue about the extent of change of HRM in the UK public sector. Guest, D.E. and King, Z. (2004) Power, innovation and problem-solving: the personnel managers three steps to heaven? Journal of Management Studies, 41, 3: 401-423. Guest and King (2004) argued that the environment changes during the past 30 years have made Karen Legges (1978) analysis of personnels role (conformist innovator, deviant innovator and problem solver) more limited to current organizations. Thus, the authors try to explore the extent to which the role of HRM has altered. They conducted interviews with 48 senior managers in order to identify the changes. Typically, they focus on changes in features of vicious circles and the ambiguities and found that a large proportion of current HR managers failed to conquer the problems identified by Legges (1978). The major limitation of this study is also the small sample size, only 48 interviews were conducted. Thus, further study based on a larger scale is required. This study will not form the basis of my study. However, it provides me important comparative information about how HRMs roles in the past and in current business organizations. Alfes et al.s (2010) review of previous studies found that HR managers may play four different roles including Change Driver, Change Focused, HR Focused and Responsive within an organization. However, their own data showed that in organization A, HR managers role can be quite proactive since they are involved in all aspects of change process, such as help design the program and provide advice to line managers. Truss (2008) also suggested that HR managers role has become more strategic and diversified. Compared with traditional HR managers, current HR professionals are more involved in organizational changes. Since organizational change is a complex process that requires efforts from all functions of an origination, a part of the responsibility of HR managers also shift to other functions. McGuire et al.s (2010) study supports this point of view. They provided evidence about how line managers contribute to HRM and also discussed the enablers and inhibitors of this role sharing. Based data of organization B, Alfes et al. (2010) suggested that the role of HR managers is more responsive in this organization. They are not involved in all aspects of organizational changes. Even involved, they largely play a role as advisor, rather than change driver. The role difference of HR managers is due to different requirement of different organizations. According to As Legge (2005), HR managers can play both roles as conformist innovators and deviant innovators. The former role requires them closely follow organizational parameters, while the later role requires them to drive change within an organization through challenging prevailing norms. However, in reality, Guest and King (2004) argued that the proactive role of HR managers is less acceptable in some organizations. Guest and King (2004) found many line managers are reluctant to accept HR managers involvement in their work. And the HR department interventions can even lead to timeconsuming procedures resented by the line managers. Thus, this requires skills of HR managers to handle the relationship appropriately. Francis (2002) argued that power relations between different functions of an organization which is based on disposable resources of the parties can significantly affect the conversation during the period of change initiative. Inappropriate manner of conversation initiated by HR managers can become a barrier to organizational change. They further argued that conversation across different functions and levels of managers should be used as a medium by HR managers in the process of negotiation. However, the author did not provide suggestion about how the hard or soft HR interventions can be applied. Becker and Huselid identify the key challenges associated with development of strategic human resource management (SHRM) through reviewing a wide range of empirical studies, they emphasize the importance of the nature of fit and contingencies in SHRM and argues that SHRM, which was initially an HR-c entric paradigm, has gradually become a shared responsibility of HR professionals, line managers, and senior executives. The role of HR professionals in organizational change resembles to a contributor, rather than a leader. Conclusion To sum up, HR managers role in organizational change can be both responsive and proactive according the demand of an organization. Geneally, HR managers role has become more strategic no matter they are proactive or responsive to organizational changes. However, to play the proactive role that gives interventions to other department or functions successfully, HR managers should pay attention to the manner of conversation.

Automating the process of jib crane design

Automating the process of jib crane design Automating the Process of Jib Crane Design Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction In a jib crane horizontal jib is fixed to a piller or to a wall and supports a movable lift. Jib crane mostly used in industries and for military purpose. The jib can also swing by the arc which corresponds to lateral movement (additional). These types of crane are used in warehouse stores to lift the goods to all floors. In the materials handling industry workers are often required to do large payloads. In situations where large payload movements would require extra forces to be applied by the operator, the material handling devices are provided now with automatic or motorized power assists. These are basically designed such that they can reduce operator tiredness and damage. Such cranes are power assisted jib cranes with advanced design. A jib crane consists of a pendulum like end line attached to a rota-table jib. Within this general cranes category there exist some devices with multiple degrees of freedom which includes variable load line length and jib length which is also variable. Point-point payload maneuvers with jib cranes are performed so as not to incite the spherical pendulum modes of the cable attached and payload assembly. In a typical way these pendulum modes yet time-varying, but shows low frequencies. That results in slow performance; hence high construction and transportation costs can occur. The figure below shows the different parts of jib crane. [Franklin, 1994] Jib Cranes are industrial machines which mostly uses for materials movements in construction of buildings, production halls, assembly lines, storage areas, and power plants. The design features of jib crane vary widely according to their major operational and manufacturing specifications such as: crane structure according to motion, weight and type of the load, crane location, geometric features, and environmental conditions. However, a review of the available literature tells that technical design of jib cranes are highly saturated and standardized in many industrial companies and organizations independent of the jib crane type. [Marchese, 1974] 1.2 Problems/Issues Today most companies currently uses manual calculations to provide product design specification for their jib cranes for their customers requirements. This job involves very hard work and the manual calculation. The reduced man work will efficient the companys process for design and manufacturing of the product. So it would be beneficial to automate this process which requires a software package in which all calculation can be done automatic. 1.2.1 Current Problems The problems in jib crane design incorporate advance design for their different customers and their different purpose and the companies dont have a computer program which calculates the design specifications for manufacturing for their customers. [Erden, 1996] 1.2.2 Literature review Current material handling systems exhibit anisotropic behavior. Their two planar degrees of freedom have requirement of different force inputs from the operator. For jib crane in generation of isotropic behavior there can be two directions, the first direction generates isotropy by floating the boom above the load. The second direction adds a power trolley and is capable of assisting by providing power to actually accelerate the given load. We can provide a cable angle sensor and ultrasonic distance sensor for the intelligence necessary to achieve isotropy. [A, Lorenz, 1999] Consideration of the available technology that is mainly based on the accumulated previous experience is important for better performance, higher safety and more reliable designs. It is well known that generic features of jib crane components are similar for various different types of cranes. Since the jib crane design procedures are highly standardized with these components, main effort and time spent in jib crane design projects are mostly for interpretation and implementation of the available design. In the figure below a rotatory jib crane is shown with degrees of freedom. The crane considered here consists of a rotatable jib with a load line attached to the end. A mass, representing a payload, is attached to the end of the load-line. The figure (1) is shown for analysis. The three co-ordinate system (three vectors shown) attached to the jib and rotates about the hub with an angular rate (gamma). The rotation angles are defined as rotation of the load-line about the two axes. The attachment point of the load-line to the jib is at a distance x from the centre of rotation of hub. The load-line has length L and the payload mass m. Alternative Concepts: Several concepts were evaluated: Single tension rod A single-rod design is assumed during the initial calculations to determine reaction forces on the building column. Extra analysis explained that this design did not have enough power for its length and capacity. Truss A trussed beam is considered, as it would have provided a very light, strong crane. This design was shortly discarded because it would have proven very difficult to study and build. Two tension rods A two-rod design can be selected because it could be made strong enough to support the design load up to the length of 30 feet, yet be simple enough to analyze with a combination of manual calculations and computer-based analysis. 1.2.3 Objectives To understand design and analysis of jib crane To design jib crane in AutoCAD / Solid work To develop calculation of jib crane data using Microsoft excel Chapter 2 Methodology 2.1 Flow chart: Start Design and analysis for the jib crane (Existing Design) and a modified design AutoCAD Design Create Microsoft excel software End In the initial stage the project overview and scope of project is analyzed. Further on the literature based on the current design is reviewed. Next stage is examining the design advancement of the jib crane using sensors and control to automate the crane process and in lowering the operator stress and power. After that the software developed will be used in design and selection of major jib crane parts for the manufacturing. The design stated by software would be seen as in AutoCAD or solid work. In the final stage the further advancement and conclusion will be made. The stages of the project are shown below. 2.2 Description: The project will consist of manual calculations of design specifications for the complex structures like Jib crane along with automated process. The use of Microsoft software along with some other package will be usedso that it would be more users friendly. First thecalculationwill be donelike moment of inertia, torque and transmission ratios etc.for the advanced mechanicaldesign of the Jib crane[Juvinall,1991] then the number of variables will be included in software to give the product design specification for jib crane directly which will help in reducing the manwork. The simple advantage to get the all data which are required in jib crane design will come directly and this process will help in reducing time taken to produce a required jib crane. The work will be done with existing data and current methods of calculation. At the end of project, a manufacturer should not calculate the various design data for the custom design of the jib crane for different purpose. The jib crane software itself will pick the most essential and important data and according to that will choose the simplified method to give design specification directly. Reader will be able to understand the various methods involved in jib crane design and advancement of design and the analysis of jib crane to make it effective. The practices followed and measures developed to make high-rise construction a safer job will be listed in report. Some of the main benefits of the automated design include the following: Greater consistency of design; this makes manufacturing and field service easier. Ability to explore more alternatives; because design can be created in a shorter time, it allows designers to study more alternatives. 2.3 Gantt Chart Gantt Chart: Project on â€Å"Automating design of jib crane† TASKS Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Selection of the Topic Submission of the Project Proposal Literature survey on the Topic Submission of the Interim Report Software development Conclusion and Recommendations Final Report Submission Chapter-3 Design and Calculation of Jib Crane 3.1 Design Concepts for Jib Crane Jib cranes, a free standing or portable jib crane is an economical solution for moving materials within an individual workstation, for transferring materials from work area to work area, or for use as an auxiliary lifting device under an overhead crane. Jib cranes are designed and manufactured in four styles: Free standing or portable jib cranes Wall bracket tie rod supported jib cranes Wall cantilever jib cranes Mast style jib cranes (top and bottom supported) Articulating jib cranes are also manufactured for positioning loads in those hard to reach places where most Standard jib cranes cannot reach. An articulating jib crane can move loads around corners and columns, reach into machinery, and service an area from the closest pivot point to the end of the boom allowing 360 º of operation. Another jib crane is the workstation jib crane. From self-supporting to wall mounted, workstation jib cranes provides economic, supplemental lifting coverage with 200 º or 360 º of rotation. Features Standard jib cranes range in capacity up to 5 tons and spans to 20 feet. Jib cranes feature on unique trussed boom design, which offers longer spans for custom jib crane designs. Free standing and mast type jib cranes offer 360  º rotations. Wall mounted offers 200 º of rotation. Design Factor The standard capacity rating of a jib crane represents the net rated load of the hook at the hook of a hoist of the same rated capacity as the crane. The design factor for the stresses in the crane is based on the capacity plus 25% of the rated load for impact and 15% of the rated load for the weight of the hoist and trolley. This was used all along with the average yield stress of the material to find out the type of the design. [Juvinall, 1991] This design provides a margin to allow for variations in material properties, operating conditions, and design assumptions. No crane should be supposed to ever, in any circumstance, be weighted beyond its rated capability. Service Factor The maximum weight of the application should match, NOT exceed, and design weight. The capacity rating is dependent and based on a design load. The jib crane design criterion allows the least amount of deflection so as not to hamper the performance of the jib crane. 3.2 Design of a Jib Crane The unit system of choice is normally SI. For this design, though, the BG (British Gravitational) system is chosen because the dimensions of most acquired components are in inches. We are doing analysis and design of a 30-foot, 1 ton jib crane. Requirements The crane must meet the following criteria: Should have a capacity of one ton (2000 lb). Should have a 30 feet length. Should be able to mount on the existing building structure. The design load is 2700 lb, defined as follows: Pd = 2000 lb + 25% overload + 200 lb trolley weight The length of the crane is taken as that of the main beam. The entire crane will arrive at approximately 372 inches from its pivot point. The alternative concepts are already evaluated earlier. We are taking the crane with two tension rods. 3.2.1 Reaction Force Calculations Before detailed design could begin, it had to be determined whether the building structure could support the new crane. This can be accomplished by drawing a free body diagram of the overall crane structure, and calculating the forces that would act on it. The design load should be positioned in the worst-case position hence at the end of the main beam. Since the weight of the crane makes a noteworthy horizontal reaction force, its main structural components were specified for this practice. A single 200-lb tension rod, attached at 20 feet from the root of the main beam The weight of the vertical member (eight feet at 25 pounds per foot) was used in calculating the vertical reaction force, but was not deemed significant in calculating the horizontal reaction forces. Minor components e.g. mounting brackets and pin- fasteners, are not going to consider. The calculations solved on paper, give the following results for The 10 Inch diameter S10at25.4 the beam: Horizontal reaction force: 12,556 lb Vertical reaction force: 3854 lb 3.2.2 Design of Main Beam The main beam is the most structurally significant part of the crane, and thus was the first to be designed. The maximum stress of a crane has to be less than one fifth of the ultimate strength of the steel. The maximum deflection should be less than 600th part of the length of the crane. Manual calculations proved that the 8-inch beam would buckle under the compression made by applying the design load at the end of the beam. Buckling load A Beam, 360 inches long, meets both stress and deflection guidelines when used with two tension rods. The maximum stress and deflection, when the load is on the end of the crane, are as follows 3.2.3 Primary Structure With the main beam specified, the rest of the crane was designed around it. A model was constructed consisting of the main beam, the vertical member, and the tension rods, which were arbitrarily attached at 15 and 25 feet from the root of the main beam. Manual calculations performed later confirmed that these were appropriate attachment points. For the sake of simplicity, the vertical member can be specified as the same cross section as the main beam and the vertical member is 96 inches long. Rod tension Assume main beam pinned at one end 3.2.4 Minor Components Connecting the Tension Rods to the Main Beam The tension rods are connected to the main beam using a clevis, which is pinned to a mounting plate welded to the main beam. This clevis is having a tensile load rating of 45,600 lb which allows a considerable safety factor. The clevis pin is protected with a 1/8†inch cotter pin. Double-shear calculations show it to be more than strong enough. Clevis Pin The clevis mount was designed over-large, to fill up the clearances provided by the clevis. The calculations show that the clevis mount, like the clevis itself, provides a significant margin of safety. Clevis Mount Su = 58000 psi Sus = 33640 psi F = 21658 lb th = 2 ½ in ro = 21/8 in ri = 7/8 in d = 1 ¾ in The tension rod is connected to the clevis through a turnbuckle and since the clevis has a rod diameter of 1 ½ inches, the stud must be turned down from 2 ¼ inches to 1 ½ inches. The lower end of the tension rod should be threaded for inclusion into the turnbuckle. Specification of Bearings Using the overall horizontal reaction force as the radial load, the bearings can be specified. The bolt holes in the flange of this bearing are placed in the identical position. Design of Welds The weld connecting the tension rod to the top of the vertical member requires individual explanation. The tension rod on the crane is bent, and then welded to the top of the vertical member of that crane After placing one rod on top of the vertical member, welds 1 and 2 should consist of a groove weld, then a fillet weld. Weld 3 should use the same pattern subsequent to the second rod is being placed. At last, weld 4 is a groove weld. All welds should fill up obtainable clearances. 3.3 Design Modification: For each handling device, the two horizontal DOF differ in feel. For the jib and gantry cranes, motion along the trolleys direction of travel requires relatively little force. Similarly, on the bridge crane, motion along the bridge is relatively easy. But for the jib crane, moving perpendicular to the booms length is complicated by the booms rotational inertia and the boom pivots friction. For the gantry crane, this perpendicular motion is very difficult due to the large inertia of the crane, and as stated earlier, often requires power assist. Finally, for the bridge crane, it is the large inertia of the bridge and resulting increased rolling resistance in its trolleys that make the perpendicular motion more difficult. Low speed power assist has been added to each of these difficult motions: rotation of the boom on a jib crane, translation of a gantry crane, and translation of the bridge along the fixed rails of a bridge crane. The control of this power has been limited to simple push button on/off switches and control algorithms which provide a slow start and stop to minimize load swing. The anisotropy exhibited in the different motions remains. This lack of isotropy makes it difficult for workers to move an object from point to point. The worker must constantly vary the applied force as the desired direction of motion changes. To think of this phenomenon in different terms, consider a round stick half immersed in a pool of water. It is very easy to move this stick through a curved trajectory. The forces resisting the motion are independent of the motions direction. Now consider a paddle (which cannot be rotated) immersed in the pool. It is considerably more difficult to move this paddle through the same curved trajectory. The human must continually adjust to the changing resistance forces. Increasing the viscosity of the fluid will exacerbate the problem. This is analogous to increasing the size and/or load of a material handling system.[Franklin, 1994] Hence thus, ideally, overhead material handing devices would exhibit isotropy. That is, the feel of the device would be independent of the direction in which it was pushed. So the next objective is to advance the design of jib crane which is intelligent power assist jib and making the design calculation by Microsoft excel itself. For this design the drawing has been done for some parts and shown below. The rest of the analysis will be done in the final report. In the modified design we put some control sensor for the motion of the jib crane. References A, Lorenz., August 1999, Force Sensors for Human-Robot Interaction Erden Z., et al, 1996, â€Å"A Computer Based Design Support System for Automate Access to the F. E.M. Rules in a Crane Design Procedure†, Proceedings of the 7th International Machine Design and Production Conference, pp. 575-583, Ankara, Turkey G. Franklin, et al, 1994,Feedback Control of Dynamic Systems†, Third edition, Addison Wiley R. Juvinall and K. Marshek , 1991, Fundamentals of Machine Component Design Marchese P. J. and Rice R. F., 1974, â€Å"Trends in Equipment Design and Controls for Heavy Duty Industrial Overhead Traveling Cranes†, Iron and Steel Engineer, v. 51, n. 9, p.66 Baker J., 1971, â€Å"Cranes in Need of Change†, Engineering, v. 211,n. 3, p. 298

Finding Freedom in Kate Chopins The Awakening :: Chopin Awakening Essays

Finding Freedom in The Awakening  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Awakening was shocking to readers in 1899, and would be today if it were published in â€Å"Ladies Home Journal†. Even today, women are expected to sacrifice themselves, if not to their husbands, then definitely to their children. I find it interesting that Grand Isle is the setting for the beginning and end of the novel. The story is built around a circle and represents the whirling force that is the energy of Edna’s life. The circle reminds me of Yeats’ â€Å"The Second Coming† : â€Å"Turning and turning in the widening gyre/things fall apart/the center cannot hold.†   So often I wanted Edna to act and she didn’t, I suppose that it is Chopin’s purpose to not let us into Edna’s thoughts, or make us omniscient of her actions. This was hard for me while reading. I wanted Edna’s point of view, so I could EASILY figure out what she was going to do, and that’s what was most difficult about this novel, and the reason it is not an easy read. I guess this is Chopin’s purpose. An example is when Edna cannot pinpoint why she is crying - the reader is left just as confused as Edna about the emotions. The sleep motif is very enlightening, in that key moments of Edna’s awakening are preceded by sleep. Sleep, especially for those who are depressed, is used as a way of escape, but in this novel sleep is used mystically as a way for Chopin to show that many things happen while Edna is sleeping that leads to awakening. In this way, the reader can only guess what occurs during sleep. I found I related to Harding Davis’ work more in that I can relate to Hugh and Deb’s oppression (politically, economically, class structurally). One thing the two works have in common is that both main characters (Hugh and Edna) actually hold the key to their own oppression, yet Edna’s social condition doesn’t require much sympathy from the reader. Also, if a reader cannot step into that world with Chopin, it is difficult to comprehend that kind of oppression. Perhaps it’s not correct to use the term oppression when writing about Edna, as it seems she only lives a life of obligations. She breaks free of these, however, and realizes: â€Å"Every step which she took toward relieving herself from obligations added to her strength and expansion as an individual.

Technological Innovation Essay -- Technology Technological Papers

Technological Innovation Works Cited Missing Technological innovation makes daily life more convenient and enjoyable for everyone. However, technological breakthroughs also produce social and ethical consequences. Computers are no exception to this rule. These products of modern technology can store massive amounts of information which help us perform at our best. However, they also generate new ethical dilemmas regarding who is able to access that information and how they use it. Thus, the ethical issue of privacy comes to the fore as well as problems associated with privacy like identity theft. The history of computing goes as far back as the 1600s. However, computers didn’t start to look like the ones we know today until the late 1900s. At first, computers were too big and too expensive for personal use. They were only used by businesses and the elite part of society. However, computer manufacturers like Apple and IBM began to refine and upgrade computers until they became practical for personal use. Today’s computers are much more advanced than their predecessors. Nowadays, we use computers for everything from grocery shopping to doing homework. â€Å"Tom Forester and Perry Morrison point out that Computers are the core technology of our times. They are the new paradigm, the new ‘common sense.’ In the comparatively short space of forty years, computers have become central to the operations of industrial societies. Without computers and computer networks, much of manufacturing industry, commerce, transport and distrib ution, government, the military, health services, education, and research would simply grind to a halt.† (1) Our society has become very dependent on this tech... ... They store massive amounts of information and make it easy for us to access. However, they also generate new ethical issues over who can gain access to this information while protecting our privacy. As we have seen, some people can illegally gain access to our private information and steal our identities. Therefore, we need to pass stiffer legislation to severely punish these criminals and keep them away from computers. We need to establish a database code that all companies would be required to follow. There needs to be more security passwords and better firewalls to prevent future attempts to gain access to the computer. Lastly, all information on these computers should be thoroughly encrypted to give citizens more piece of mind and added assurance that their privacy is protected. Thus, the ethical issue of privacy would come to an end.

Personal Framework Essay

In spite of the variety of approaches and therapeutic paradigms, available to professional psychologists and counselors, they often tend to prioritize one or two frameworks as â€Å"personal† ones. The present paper discusses the case of 67-year-old widow, suffering from grief and struggling with the challenges of solitude. For instance, if the professional, responsible for administering and planning therapies relies mainly on psychodynamic psychotherapy, is likely to focus on the woman’s unconscious motivations and attitudes. The recently widowed woman will attend sessions once or twice a week in case she is relatively stable emotionally and discuss her dreams, spontaneous thoughts and cognitions. Given that psychodynamic approach is based heavily upon Freudian personality structure, the specialist is more likely to focus on the woman’s relationship with her husband so that she can resolve the inner conflict and eliminate her survivor’s guilt (Boylan, Mally & Reilly, 2001, p. 68). Psychodynamic therapist will also discuss the woman’s early years in order to find out the actual destructive patterns in her attitudes and behavior and gradually remove them by explaining and elucidating the causes of her current state. If the woman suffers from acute and pervasive emotional states, the follower of schema therapy will search for the negative maladaptive pattern, which creates obstructions to accepting the loss of the spouse (Young, Klosko & Weishaar, 2003, p. 11). Schemas are â€Å"comprised of memories, emotions, cognitions, and bodily sensations regarding oneself and one’s relationships with others and are developed during childhood or adolescence† (Young, Klosko & Weishaar, 2003, p. 7). After learning the patient’s history, the therapist is likely to find a pattern of strong fear of loneliness or a similar destructive schema. Taking into consideration the woman’s temperament, the specialist will restructure this fear by teaching self-sufficiency and focusing her attention on the positive psychoemotional and sensational patterns, associated with the content with life (e. . pleasure of breathing fresh air, eating, playing with grandchildren and so forth). The follower of solution-focused perspective is likely to begin with the so-called miracle question in order to determine the aspects of life (emotions, experiences) the woman lacks (Boylan, Mally & Reilly, 2001, p. 34). The woman will need to imagine her spouse h as returned and define the first signs of the miracle, her actions, intents and feelings. Furthermore, the counselor asks questions to identify the patient’s strengths, skills, talents and abilities and begins to encourage her by phrases like â€Å"I understand your hardships, but I am really amazed by the fact that you are act as an assertive person and manage to put all your decisions to practice†. Session by session, the specialist gradually orients the patient to using her strongest points and abilities like critical thinking, determination or proficiency in certain activities and areas. Cognitive behavioral therapist is likely to employ the ABC model of psychological change and establish the relationship between the activating event (the loss of the husband), wrongful and faulty beliefs and consequences (Boylan, Mally & Reilly, 2001, p. 38). For instance, the woman might believe she is helpless without her husband or that nobody needs her any longer as she has lost her spouse. Further, the therapist is likely to challenge her wrongful beliefs for the purpose of cognitive restructuring, so the patient will soon conclude that her life continues and act more constructively. This treatment approach implies a number of assignments including behavior change plans, emotions and cognition diaries, so the patient will also develop greater self-awareness and much better understand her thoughts, expectations, beliefs and intents. As one can conclude, although different treatment perspectives imply dissimilar methods of influence, they actually pursue similar goals, which necessarily include normalization of the person’s physical and spiritual well-being as well as social functioning.

Professional Leadership Journal – Narcissism and Machiavellianism Assessments

According to Nahavandi (2012), personalities with an elevated score on the scale are relaxed using several resources to accomplish their individual aims. The Machiavellian (Mach) scale measures an individual’s willingness to put self-interests and his or her preferences above the interests of the group and a person’s ability to influence and manipulate others for personal gain (Nahavandi, 2012).An individual with a high Mach score might have an absence of morality and truthfulness and both of these are necessities of operative management. As I completed the two different assessments, I was astonished by my results. I completed the Machiavellianism Assessment first, I scored a 23 and according to the text an average score is 24. My score shows that I score within the average range and that I am willing to put my self-interests aside and work as a group to reach a goal.I then completed the Narcissism assessments and scored a 118, which completely shook me, I’ve nev er considered myself a narcissistic person, but according to this data I am in fact that way. Narcissistic people love the idea of having power over people, but I am the total opposite, I would rather be a team player than a leader. But I do have some of the traits that constitute me as a narcissist. As a future public health leader, my Machiavellianism Assessment should be high and my Narcissism assessment should be low.In any public health situation being able to put your self-interests to the side helps to alleviate unwanted stress and it also helps to analyze the situation carefully. Nahavandi (2012) states that positive narcissistic leaders may have an exaggerated sense of self and entitlement, but they use their self-confidence, power, and influence to achieve goals, much the same way a moderate Machiavellian would. This seems more like what I strive to do in my life and in my work life.